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Radiotherapy: The Prevention of Secondary Effects, Radiodermatitis, and Long-Term Toxicity
Published in Paloma Tejero, Hernán Pinto, Aesthetic Treatments for the Oncology Patient, 2020
Included in the usual care to prevent radiodermatitis is nonpharmacological care. The guidelines include local hygiene, reduction of exposure and friction of the irradiated area, use of suitable clothing (preferably cotton), and avoidance of contact with extreme temperatures and pruritus in the irradiated area. Direct exposure to the sun should be avoided; use sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 15. Apply hypoallergenic moisturizing creams without perfumes or preservatives. The natural oil-based emulsion containing allantoin seems to have similar effects for managing skin toxicity compared with aqueous cream up to week 5; however, it becomes significantly less effective at later weeks into the radiation treatment and beyond treatment completion (week 6 and beyond). Avoid the use of acne products that have alcohol or retinoids [14–16].
The Americas
Published in Michael J. O’Dowd, The History of Medications for Women, 2020
Zea mays, corn or sweetcorn, comes in five principal varieties and is an annual grass. Cultivated for nearly 6000 years in the Americas, it contains allantoin which stimulates growth and repair in tissues, and also a number of alkaloids. Corn smut, the fungus Ustilago zeae, contains the alkaloid ustilagine which has similar but lesser effects to ergot, and was used by the Zuni tribe in the southwest to induce labor. The fungus was listed in the US Pharmacopoeia from 1882 until 1894 (Vogel, 1970).
Novel UV Filtering Agents for Next-Generation Cosmetics: From Phytochemicals to Inorganic Nanomaterials
Published in Madhu Gupta, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Vikas Sharma, Nagendra Singh Chauhan, Novel Drug Delivery Systems for Phytoconstituents, 2020
It has been studied that the peptide bonds present in various proteins, several lipids (squalene), and nucleotides (allantoin) present in skin are capable of providing natural defense against UV. Phytoextracts augmenting these molecules are therefore prospective prophylactic and therapeutic agents to be used as cosmetic agents. A number of plant peptides, squalene derived from olive oil, and allantoin derived from extracts of comfrey plant have shown extensive UV protection in skin. In fact, some of the ingredients have been tested in clinical trials and approved successfully for their use in cosmetics, in particular, anti-eczema creams, sunscreens, and wound healing creams. A few clinical studies also support the use of allantoin as an enhancer of skin repair (Dinkova-Kostova, 2008). Mishra et al. (2011) have recently reviewed the usage of crude extracts in UV protection in an elaborate review. Besides the use of whole plants and their crude extracts, several purified ingredients have also been studied for their UV-protecting abilities. These naturally occurring classes of UV filters may be primarily divided into two sub-categories: specific purified phytoextracts and whole plants. Some purified phytoextracts studied for UV protective abilities include silymarin, quercetin, carotenoids, and curcumin, whereas compete plants include tea, aloe vera, English walnut, etc. (Korac and Khambholja, 2011). Some of the important UV protectant from plant sources are described in Table 7.1.
DA-9801, a standardized Dioscorea extract, improves memory function via the activation of nerve growth factor-mediated signaling
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2022
Jin Gyu Choi, Zahra Khan, Sang-Zin Choi, Sun Yeou Kim, Myung Sook Oh
To standardize DA-9801, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis (HPLC) was performed for the quantitative determination of dioscin and allantoin, the marker components of D. japonica and D. nipponica in the previous reported study [23]. Briefly, the DA-9801 was dissolved in 50% ethanol at 25 mg/ml as a test solution. Dioscin and allantoin were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA) as HPLC grade. The standard solution of dioscin and allantoin was dissolved in 100% methanol at 300 μg/ml and in 50% ethanol at 200 μg/ml, respectively. The chromatographic separation was performed by using an Inertsil ODS-2 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) for dioscin and a Merck ZIC-HILIC column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) for allantoin, respectively. The mobile phases for the detection of dioscin (A: 20 mM KH2PO4 (pH 3.0), B: 100% acetonitrile) were 50% B for 0-20 min, 50-70% B for 20-30 min, and 70-50% B for 30-40 min. The mobile phases for the detection of allantoin (A: 87.5% acetonitrile, B: 50% acetonitrile) were 0-100% B for 0-20 min and 100-0% B for 20-30 min. Chromatography was carried out in gradient mode using a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The chromatograms were detected at 205 nm using an ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometer.
Development of a combination therapy with silanols complexed with boron citrate and ablative-fractional laser for treatment of wrinkles and stretch marks
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2021
Klaudyna Wolak, Roksana Gruszkiewicz-Majczak
Before the treatment with the ‘Pearl Fractional’ fractional ablative laser (Xeo, Cutera, USA) a patient’s phototype was determined based on a phototype classification questionnaire according to Fitzparick attached by the manufacturer of the laser platform. An anesthetic in the form of an ointment (Emla, Aspen Pharma Trading Limited) was applied to the treatment area. After about 40 min before the procedure, the anesthetic was removed from the treatment area. The skin was degreased and disinfected. The treatment parameters and their number were determined individually by the person performing the treatment depending on the phototype and general condition of the skin and the age of the patient. Possible correction of the parameters took place during the procedure depending on the reactivity of the skin undergoing the procedure. After the treatment, the skin was cooled with a gel with methylsilanetriol stabilized with boron citrate from the refrigerator. This remedy was given to the patient for skin care after the treatment for 2–3 days including oiling ointment with allantoin.
Development of quantitative assay for simultaneous measurement of purine metabolites and creatinine in biobanked urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2022
Dmitri Svistounov, Marit D. Solbu, Trond G. Jenssen, Ulla Dorte Mathisen, Terkel Hansen, Katja Benedikte Prestø Elgstøen, Svetlana N. Zykova
Lower concentrations of UA, creatinine and hypoxanthine measured in the least diluted samples could probably be explained by ions suppression from other components in the urine-matrix (Figure 2). Higher concentrations of allantoin observed in the least diluted samples could be caused by increased non-enzymatic degradation of UA to allantoin at higher UA concentrations. Nevertheless, this effect was not present at dilutions higher than 10 times, and we chose to dilute all study samples 12 times which allowed us to minimize matrix effects and at the same time reduce the risk to fall under the quantitation limits.