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Perspectives of Nature-Oriented Pharmacotherapeutics for the Effectual Management of Hemorrhoidal Symptoms
Published in Debarshi Kar Mahapatra, Cristóbal Noé Aguilar, A. K. Haghi, Applied Pharmaceutical Practice and Nutraceuticals, 2021
Taranpreet Kaur Bamrah, Mojabir Hussen Ansari, Debarshi Kar Mahapatra
In Turkish folk medicine, the usefulness of Onosma species for treating hemorrhoids is depicted. The plant contains alkannin, shikonin, flavonoids, ferulic acid, and vanillic acid which are responsible for the mediation of anti-inflammatory (inhibition of lipoxygenase enzyme), wound healing, and analgesic activities.
Plants Endemic to Turkey Including the Genus Arnebia
Published in Raymond Cooper, Jeffrey John Deakin, Natural Products of Silk Road Plants, 2020
Ufuk Koca Çalışkan, Ceylan Dönmez
Arnebia euchroma (Royle) I.M. Johnst. is one of the most studied Arnebia species in the world. Its major compounds, such asshikonin and alkannin, are derivatives of naphthoquinones (Chien-Chang et al., 2000). In addition to anti-inflammatory activity, a previous study also showed that A. euchroma has good potential for accelerating the healing of burn wounds in animals (Pirbalouti et al., 2009).
Naphthoquinone Constituents of Anticancer Terrestrial Plants
Published in Spyridon E. Kintzios, Maria G. Barberaki, Evangelia A. Flampouri, Plants That Fight Cancer, 2019
For more than three decades, a great deal of research works were conducted to investigate the molecular mechanism of shikonin, alkannin, and related natural naphthazarins as potent anticancer agents (Andújar et al. 2013, Chen et al. 2002b, Papageorgiou et al. 1999, Zhang et al. 2017). From the chemical point of view, the molecular mechanism for their anticancer activity and pervasive toxicity has been demonstrated to be closely related to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS, Figure 4.5) and the bioreductive alkylation (Figure 4.6) (Moore 1977, Papageorgiou et al. 1999). The generation of ROS by the shikonin/alkannin redox cycle.The plausible mechanism of the bioreductive alkylation (Moore 1977).
Alkannin restrains oral squamous carcinoma cell growth, migration and invasion by regulating microRNA-9/RECK axis
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Yulong Mao, Weiwei Zhang, Ronghe Zhang, Jinhua Zuo
Alkannin (ALK, chemical formula: C16H16O5; molecular weight: 288.31) also known as shikonin, isolates from the root of Boraginaceae species, such as Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Arnebia euchroma and A. guttata [8]. The anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour activities of ALK have been verified in diverse illnesses. It has been utilized for remedying acute jaundiced or non-jaundiced hepatitis, chronic hepatitis and verruca plana [9,10]. What is more, an animal experiment found that ALK could restrain hepatic inflammation in diabetic mice [11]. In the researches of cancers, ALK has been discovered to repress glioma cells growth and invasion via mediation of IQGAP/mTOR pathway [12]; the anti-proliferative effect of ALK has been discovered in colorectal cancer cells [13]; moreover, ALK could restrain cell metastasis by repression of matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 (MMP-2/-9) expression in prostate cancer cells [14]. However, the issues about the role of ALK in OSCC cell growth, migration and invasion have not received fully investigated.
Fabrication of silver nanoparticles using Arnebia hispidissima (Lehm.) A. DC. root extract and unravelling their potential biomedical applications
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Shruti Nindawat, Veena Agrawal
Arnebia hispidissima (family – Boraginaceae) is a perennial herb widely distributed in semi-arid regions of India (Rajasthan), Persia and Pakistan [8]. It is known to possess anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, wound healing, anti-tumor, cardiotonic, antineoplastic activities, etc. [9]. Chemical investigations by Hamdard et al. [10] reported the presence of a number of flavonoids, namely apigenin, cyanidin, kaemferol, luteolin, quercetin and vitexin in fresh flowers. Also, roots are the source of naphthaquinones (shikonin, alkannin and related isohexenylnaphthazarine compounds) which possess antibiotic and anticancerous properties. The present investigation provides an insight into the nanobiotechnological applications of this plant keeping in view its high medicinal potential. Study pertaining to AgNPs synthesis using A. hispidissima root extract (AHRE) and their bioefficacy has not appeared till date so in the present report biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous root extract of A. hispidissima (AHAgNPs), their characterization and evaluation of their therapeutic potential has been done.
2-(4-methoxyphenylthio)-5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone induces apoptosis via ROS-mediated MAPK and STAT3 signaling pathway in human gastric cancer cells
Published in Journal of Chemotherapy, 2019
Jia-Ru Wang, Gui-Nan Shen, Ying-Hua Luo, Xian-Ji Piao, Yi Zhang, Hao Wang, Jin-Qian Li, Wan-Ting Xu, Yu Zhang, Shi-Nong Wang, Tong Zhang, Hui Xue, Long-Kui Cao, Cheng-Hao Jin
Naphthoquinones constitute an important class of natural and synthetic compounds, and have been extensively investigated because of their various pharmacological applications.23 Moreover, many naphthoquinones derivatives have been evaluated as cancer drug candidates due to their ability to induce cell-cycle arrest and regulate apoptosis pathway-related proteins, such as alkannin and shikonin.24 However, their clinical application was limited due to the strong toxicity of the hydroxyl group in their structure.25 Dihydroxy substitution at C5 and C8 has been shown to improve the anti-cancer effects of naphthoquinones derivatives, but it also results in more side effects and toxicities15. To optimize the anti-cancer efficacy and reduce the toxicity of naphthoquinone compounds, the dihydroxy group was substituted with methoxy at C5 and C8 and a novel naphthoquinone derivative MPTDMNQ was synthesized (Figure 1). MPTDMNQ markedly reduced the cell viabilities of nine human gastric cancer cells and also lowered lethal effects in human normal GES-1, L-02, and 293 T cells (Figure 2). To clarify the underlying mechanism, we measured ROS generation, the expression of MAPK and STAT3 signaling pathway, and the induction of apoptosis after treatment with MPTDMNQ in AGS cells.