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Scheme for Investigating Cases of Death due to Poisoning
Published in Paul T. Jayaprakash, Crime Scene Investigation and Reconstruction, 2023
Major indications in the scene supporting accidental poisoning are evidence of lack of deliberation and willfulness on the part of the victim in exposure to the poison. Examples include carbon-monoxide-related fatalities involving family members sleeping in closed rooms that are connected to defective heating systems or fatalities of individuals relaxing inside cars parked in closed garages with engine and air conditioner turned on. Toxic-gas-related accidental poisoning occurs when individuals get into sewage tanks or into unused wells for cleaning them. In such instances, the SOCOs can tie a live chicken in a rope by its legs and let it go into the depth of the tank or well to verify if it becomes unconscious due to the noxious gases. Accidental poisoning may also be reported during drug and alcohol abuse. Mixing of methyl alcohol with other intoxicating liquors has been the cause for mass fatalities in some parts of India. This author examined a case wherein three friends consuming alcoholic drinks mistakenly mixed cyanide considering it to be chloral hydrate, and all of them died of cyanide poisoning.
Psychiatry and social medicine
Published in Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge, MCQs in Paediatrics, 2020
Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge
13.6. Which of the following statements is/are true of tricyclic antidepressants?They are one of the major causes of fatal accidental poisoning in children.They usually provide only temporary relief of nocturnal enuresis.They are the treatment of choice for depression.They are more cardiotoxic in children than in adults.They exacerbate hyperkinetic syndrome.
The minerals
Published in Geoffrey P. Webb, Nutrition, 2019
Chronic iron overload can lead to cirrhosis of the liver. This situation is normally prevented because excess iron binds to ferritin within the intestinal cells and any excess is lost in the faeces when these cells are shed but very high intakes can overwhelm this protective mechanism. Single very high doses of iron can cause diarrhoea, vomiting, gastrointestinal bleeding, circulatory collapse and liver necrosis. Iron poisoning resulting from children consuming pharmaceutical preparations of iron is one of the most common causes of accidental poisoning. Alcohol also promotes iron absorption, and consumption of alcoholic drinks containing large amounts of iron can precipitate iron overload and contribute to liver cirrhosis.
Veratrum parviflorum poisoning: identification of steroidal alkaloids in patient blood and breast milk
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2022
Jared T. Seale, Joseph E. Carpenter, Matthew D. Eisenstat, Emily A. Kiernan, Brent W. Morgan, Daniel P. Nogee, Xinzhu Pu, Colin A. Therriault, Michael Yeh, Owen M. McDougal
Despite recognition as an ingredient in potent traditional medicines, the history of Veratrum spp. is rife with accidental poisoning. Veratrum intoxication is most often due to inadvertent consumption as a result of misidentification during foraging [11–19]. Cases of V. viride poisoning are reported to have occurred due to mistaking the plant for Symplocarpus foetidus (skunk cabbage), Phytolacca americana (pokeweed), Allium ampeloprasum (wild onion), and Allium tricoccum (ramps) [12,13,15]. Likewise, V. album, a species most prominently found in northern Eurasia and localized regions of Alaska, is reported to have been misidentified as Allium ursinum (wild onion) and Gentiana lutea (yellow gentian) [16,19]. Most cases of poisoning manifest with symptoms including diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and a Bezold-Jarisch reflex (bradycardia, hypopnea, and hypotension). Patients with mild symptoms typically respond well to symptomatic and supportive treatments with intravenous fluids and antiemetics, but those with symptomatic bradycardia or hypotension may require treatment with atropine or vasopressors [11–19].
Psychiatric disorders in a population of deceased drug users
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2021
Line Kruckow, Christian Tjagvad, Thomas Clausen, Jytte Banner
All causes of death were divided into four groups:Somatic: all somatic causes of death including medical conditions that could be caused by long-term drug use.Accidental poisonings: all deaths due to acute (accidental) poisoning by illicit substances and all types of licit medication.Trauma and other: all homicides, fatal accidents without illicit and/or licit drugs being involved or where illicit/licit substances had a contributory role but were not the underlying cause of death, and suicides (including intentional poisonings with illicit/licit substances).Unknown.
Childhood accidental poisoning in western Iraq: Pattern and risk factors
Published in Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 2018
Zaid R. Al-Ani, Sahar J. Al-Hiali, Riyadh H. Al-Janabi
Accidental poisoning is a continuously increasing global problem that contributes to the morbidities and mortalities even in the most developed countries as the United States.15 In Iraq, poisoning is a chronic clinical and public health problem because of its frequency, variability, severity, and the still frequent use of the toxic traditional medications to treat diarrhea and other conditions especially in rural areas. In Al-Ramadi MCTH, the difficulty in diagnosing the unknown drugs, chemicals, Sagwa and other herbal poisonings was creating a problem in the management of these cases. This was due to the absence of the serum level testing or immunoassay screening techniques in the hospital. Accordingly, some poisoning agents could not be identified and the proper antidote could not be used and the symptomatic supportive treatment would be the only available treatment method in these cases in spite of the presence of a poisoning center in the hospital. As a poisoning control program, the Iraqi Ministry of Health established a poisoning center in most of the tertiary hospitals of the country. Every center was supplied with most of the listed antidotes, anti-snake venom, anti-scorpion venom, activated charcoal and others, and with toxicology textbooks as a reference for the management of different poisoning types. In Al-Ramadi MCTH, the unknown or the difficult poisoning cases were supposed to be referred to the PCC in Baghdad for management through a medical referral system but this was difficult because of the chronic loss of security conditions and the long transportation time to the center.