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The NPS Crisis in British Prisons
Published in Ornella Corazza, Andres Roman-Urrestarazu, Handbook of Novel Psychoactive Substances, 2018
Shanna Marrinan, Giuseppe Bersani, Ornella Corazza
Because SCRAs are powerfully active in such small quantities, they are also easily concealed in bodily cavities and clothing for import into prisons. In addition to the more established modes of bringing drugs into prisons, the colourless liquid is sometimes sprayed onto letters sent in to prisoners, where it is then ripped into small squares and smoked with tobacco (Ford & Berg, 2018). There has been analytical confirmation of letters impregnated with NPS such as ethylphenidate, methiopropamine and methoxiphenidaine, the sedative etizolam, and the third-generation synthetic cannabinoids 5F-AKB-48, AB-FUBINACA, MDMB-CHMICA (Ford & Berg, 2018). The substances are not easily detected by sniffer dogs, personal searches, or visual inspections of items sent in (CSJ Report, 2015; UNODC, 2017; Kalk et al., 2016).
Synthetic cannabinoid “Black Mamba” infidelity in patients presenting for emergency stabilization in Colorado: a P SCAN Cohort
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2018
Nicklaus Brandehoff, Axel Adams, Kyle McDaniel, Samuel D. Banister, Roy Gerona, Andrew A. Monte
This study demonstrates profound molecular variability and a wide range of NPS drugs sold as “Black Mamba” in Colorado. The SCs AMB-FUBINACA, MDMB-FUBINACA and ADB-FUBINACA are chemically similar to AB-FUBINACA, a well-described SC [10]. All three have high affinities for the CB1 receptor, which causes their clinical effects. AMB-FUBINACA is an ester analogue of AB-FUBINACA. ADB-FUBINACA structurally varies from AB-FUBINACA by replacement of an isopropyl moiety with a tert-butyl moiety [11]. MDMB-FUBINACA is an ester analogue of ADB-FUBINACA. ADB-FUBINACA’s clinical effects are not well understood though it is hypothesized the clinical effects are similar to that of AB-FUBINACA [12]. 3-MeO-PCP, along with 4-MeO-PCP, are designer dissociatives structurally and pharmacologically similar to PCP [13]. NRG-3 is naphyrone, a cathinone structurally similar to mephedrone and MDPV [14]. It is a “triple reuptake inhibitor” causing decreased reuptake of dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine.
Old and new synthetic cannabinoids: lessons from animal models
Published in Drug Metabolism Reviews, 2018
Mary Tresa Zanda, Liana Fattore
Synthetic cannabinoids of the latest generation belonging to the indazole carboxamide family, such as AB-CHIMINACA, AB-PINACA, FUBINACA (Wiley et al. 2015), APINACA, PB-22, 5F-PB-22, AB-FUBINACA (Gatch and Forster 2015), ADBICA, ADB-PINACA, THJ-2201, RCS-4 (Gatch and Forster 2016), BB-22, FUB-PB-22, 5F-AMB, NM2201, and MAB-CHMINACA (Gatch and Forster 2017), all fully substitute for THC, with the last compound showing an inverted U-shaped dose-effect response curve (Gatch and Forster 2017). At present, there is a unanimous consensus among studies on the notion that most of these new synthetic cannabinoid compounds share with THC similar ‘subjective high’ effects (Järbe and Gifford 2014).
Case of brodifacoum-contaminated synthetic cannabinoid
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2019
Sarah B. Riley, Matthew Sochat, Karen Moser, Kara L. Lynch, Rosanna Tochtrop, T. Scott Isbell, Anthony Scalzo
The patient’s admission urine and blood sample were analyzed by liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) for the presence of synthetic cannabinoids [1]. A metabolite of AB-FUBINACA, the hydrolysis metabolite of the primary amine (CAS registry No. – 1877243-60-1), was detected and confirmed in both the urine and blood. This metabolite has been previously described as one of the predominant metabolites in authentic cases of AB-FUBINACA exposure [2]. No additional described metabolites or the parent compound were identified in this case.