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Pediatrics and Child Health
Published in Akshaya Neil Arya, Preparing for International Health Experiences, 2017
In 2005, the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) released combined guidelines for Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) – these promote evidence-based assessment and treatment of common illnesses in children in contexts with limited resources using a syndromic approach (WHO, 2005a). The clinical guidelines are designed mostly for use in outpatient clinical settings with limited diagnostic tools and limited medications although they allow adaptability to each country, regional educational methods and also contain some hospital care guidelines (WHO, 2005b). These are designed for the management of children 1 week to 5 years of age by a trained health worker, integrating improved management of childhood illness with aspects of nutrition, immunization and other important elements of health promotion.
Tuberculosis in children with severe acute malnutrition
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2022
Bryan J Vonasek, Kendra K Radtke, Paula Vaz, W Chris Buck, Chishala Chabala, Eric D McCollum, Olivier Marcy, Elizabeth Fitzgerald, Alexander Kondwani, Anthony J Garcia-Prats
Existing vertical approaches to the management of TB and SAM must be coordinated to optimize outcomes of these important co-prevalent conditions, ideally with a primary health-care model that comprehensively addresses the needs of children. The Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI), promoted by the WHO, provides an excellent framework for decentralized, primary health care for children under the age of 5 years. IMCI has a strong focus on nutrition, but some have argued that IMCI does not have enough emphasis on TB [81]. Particularly in resource-limited settings where the burdens of SAM and TB are greatest, policy-level and implementation research is needed to shift paradigms and optimize integrated models of health care that address SAM and TB in children.