China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Prevention of Hearing Loss
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Christopher P Aldren, Doris-Eva Bamiou, Raymond W Clarke, Richard M Irving, Haytham Kubba, Shakeel R Saeed, Paediatrics, The Ear, Skull Base, 2018
Shankar Rangan, Veronica Kennedy
Increasing evidence that early identification of deafness and early intervention will result in significantly better outcome for language development71,72 led to the development of the Newborn Hearing Screening programme. The World Health Organization73 recommended that the policy of universal neonatal hearing screening should be adopted in all countries with available rehabilitation services and that this should be extended to other countries and communities as rehabilitation services are established. This has been implemented in several developed countries in the world. Implementing it can be quite a challenge in developing countries due to factors including non-availability of expensive screening equipment and trained personnel to do the screening. In many developing countries, the majority of births may take place away from maternity hospitals so, typically, screening will not be performed by skilled staff and screening equipment will not be available in such settings.74 In countries which have adopted universal newborn hearing screening, the age of identification of hearing loss has reduced dramatically. In England, the median age at identification of permanent hearing impairment has come down from 18 months before the implementation of the screening to 10 weeks, with 90% of cases being identified before 6 months of age.75 In many developing countries, family suspicion remains the main mode of diagnosing childhood hearing impairment.
Congenital anomalies and common postnatal problems
Published in Janet M Rennie, Giles S Kendall, A Manual of Neonatal Intensive Care, 2013
Janet M Rennie, Giles S Kendall
Ear tags are common with isolated tags occurring in up to 1.7 per 1000 births, 6% of theses are bilateral. Isolated ear pits affect 1–5% of babies. These can be autosomal dominant in inheritance. With the advent of universal neonatal hearing screening in the UK no additional management is required (in areas without neonatal hearing screening the hearing should be tested in both ears). The previous practice of referral for renal scans is not indicated. If there are cosmetic concerns a referral to a plastic surgeon may (rarely) be indicated.
Relation between risk factor of hearing loss and the result of otoacoustic emission in newborns at Santosa Hospital Bandung Central
Published in Hearing, Balance and Communication, 2021
Imam Megantara, Michael Immanuel T’sidkenu, Lidya Chaidir, Ratna Anggraeni, Nova Sylviana
In the past two decades, the implementation of the Universal Neonatal Hearing Screening (UNHS) program has significantly increased the detection of hearing loss in the first days of birth. It continues to grow worldwide, and the implementation of UNHS in infants <6 months has proven to have a positive impact on language and communication development. A recent study showed children who received the intervention earlier achieved better outcomes than those who received the intervention later, with language skills at 5 years of age commensurate with their normally developing peers [12]. However, because hearing screening initially focussed on newborns with risk factors, only 50–75% of babies with hearing impairments were identified; thus, UNHS has been recently recommended for all newborns [13].
Prevalence of childhood hearing impairment in the County of Stockholm – a 40-year perspective from Sweden and other high-income countries
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2020
Inger Uhlén, Allison Mackey, Ulf Rosenhall
The prevalence of moderate to profound hearing loss in the present study sample of 1.5 per 1000 from birth to 18 years of age was in accordance with previous studies from Sweden and other high-income countries reporting from 1964 until the present. The reference studies thus covered a time span of almost half a century. During this time period, general health status has improved, and new immunisation programmes have been implemented such that deafness following meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae or Streptocccus pneumoniae is rarely seen today (Sözen et al. 2018). During this same time, however, the ethnicity of the population in Sweden has changed due to immigration from many low-income countries with a documented higher prevalence of HI (Olusanya, Neumann, and Saunders 2014; Mulwafu, Kuper, and Ensink 2016). Thus it might be speculated that the anticipated positive effects of extended vaccination programmes and improved neonatal care have been levelled out by new risk factors, for example, the increased survival of extremely premature neonates and the immigration of children from socioeconomically less developed countries. The implementation of universal neonatal hearing screening has also increased the awareness of HI in children. The stability in prevalence might also indicate that genetic aetiology dominates over environmental factors.
Comparison of auditory steady-state response and click-evoked auditory brain response in infants with different types and degrees of hearing loss
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2020
Xiaoli Wang, Yangyang Cheng, Jing Shi, Xiangyun Sheng, Dan Wu, Yali Zhao, Danhui Li, Dinghua He, Hua Wang
Universal neonatal hearing screening program had been implemented in China for decades. More and more infants with HL could be diagnosed at early age. Since infants behavioral methods in very young children were examiner dependent, comprehensive electrophysiological tests were crucial for hearing assessment. Although some new stimulus in ABR testing, like tone burst and CE-Chirp, had been used and demonstrated advantages, these methods had not been widely used in certain areas, like Hunan Province, China. As a provincial diagnostic institution, the test battery of audiological diagnosis for infants younger than 6 months of age included c-ABR, ASSR, DPOAE and tympanogram. Our centre received infants failed newborn hearing screening from all areas of Hunan Province.