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Early 21st-Century Canadian Nursing at a Theoretical Crossroads
Published in Olga Petrovskaya, Nursing Theory, Postmodernism, Post-structuralism, and Foucault, 2023
A dictionary defines unintelligible as impossible to understand (“Unintelligible,” Longman Dictionary). In the humanities, since the 1990s, this notion acquired notable theoretical importance (Rodriguez, 2011) as a result of work by Judith Butler (1990). Butler, an American philosopher, feminist, and queer theorist, is perhaps best known for her analyses of the social construction of gender. She argues that gendered bodies are understood, made intelligible, against a pervasive cultural background of meanings, a certain signifying system. In the West, “the heterosexual matrix” provides “a grid of cultural intelligibility through which bodies, genders, and desires are naturalized” (Butler, 1990, p. 151). In short, Butler argues that a heterosexual matrix makes only heterosexual bodies intelligible and renders homosexual/queer bodies unintelligible. Using this insight more as an inspiration than direct analogy, I argue that the American nursing theory matrix makes only a certain form of nursing knowledge intelligible, excluding other forms of scholarship as unintelligible. Intelligibility implies access to the subject's inherent nature. That is, when something is considered intelligible, not only is it rendered understandable, its assumed essence is also revealed.
Dysarthria
Published in Margaret Walshe, Nick Miller, Clinical Cases in Dysarthria, 2021
All these underline the repeatedly stressed imperative that a comprehensive, accurate characterisation of dysarthria must encompass all levels of measurement in the International Classification of Function (Hartelius & Miller, 2010). One may learn something from examining acoustic and articulatory aspects of pronunciation breakdown (impairment), but, if evaluation does not embrace activity (intelligibility and communicative ability) and psychosocial impact of dysarthria on participation in society (see Chapter 7) as well as environmental and cultural factors, one will only ever obtain a partial, distorted understanding. Without incorporating the views and roles of significant listeners in the person’s environment, one sees only half the picture. Furthermore, the same profile of impairment has a different impact on intelligibility and social interaction depending on the cultural-language context of the individual. Ignoring this also diminishes one’s completeness of understanding and assessment of dysarthria (Miller & Lowit, 2014).
Questionnaire Construction And Appraisal
Published in Michele Kiely, Reproductive and Perinatal Epidemiology, 2019
A questionnaire should not be used until it has been tested in practice — “if you do not have the resources to pilot-test your questionnaire, don’t do the study”.21 Even a single small-scale pretest provides an opportunity to appraise the acceptability and intelligibility of the questions, to identify difficult or unsatisfactory questions and awkward sequences, and to see whether open-ended questions provide usable responses. A subsequent discussion with the respondent, obtaining his or her opinion of the questions, clarifying the meaning of each response, and inquiring into the reasons for “don’t know” or skipped answers, may be particularly revealing. The revised version should be submitted to a similar test. Belson recommends the use of a formal question-testing procedure: after administering the questionnaire the interviewer explains that he or she now wants to test three or four of the questions, and then reads out the question and its answer, and asks the respondent to think back to when the question was first asked, and explain exactly how he or she arrived at the answer; the interviewer then asks a series of preplanned questions designed to find out how particular terms were understood by the respondent.15
Interaction between people with dysarthria and speech recognition systems: A review
Published in Assistive Technology, 2023
Aisha Jaddoh, Fernando Loizides, Omer Rana
Research studying the interactions between people with dysarthria and ASR systems classifies dysarthria by either severity, as mild, moderate, or severe (Ballati et al., 2018b; De Russis & Corno, 2019; M. Kim et al., 2013; Park et al., 2011; Sriranjani et al., 2015; Xiong et al., 2018)—or intelligibility, as high, medium, and low (Moore et al., 2019; Yue et al., 2020). The present article does not use several clinically defined and separate dysarthria types (e.g., flaccid, spastic, ataxic, and hypokinetic), as research about interactions does not follow this classification. Intelligibility is the degree to which a listener can understand the utterance produced by an individual with dysarthria (K. Yorkston et al., 1996). Because dysarthria is caused by “disturbances in muscular control over the speech mechanism” (Darley et al., 1969), it leads to reduced speech intelligibility – and the greater the severity of dysarthria, the poorer the unintelligibility.
Positive and negative ways that informal caregivers are affected by weight and weight management efforts for care recipients with spinal cord injury
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Sherri L. LaVela, Jessica Pedersen, Linda Ehrlich-Jones, Allen W. Heinemann
We conducted a brief survey with informal caregivers to obtain basic demographic information and caregiving details. We conducted interviews using an interview guide (Figure 1) that was developed based on the biopsychoecological framework [20], literature, and research team expertise, including health professionals from fields of SCI medicine, psychology, exercise physiology, disability studies, physical medicine and rehabilitation, public health, nursing, and rehabilitation research. Interview guides were field-tested with six informal caregivers of persons with SCI and feedback from end-users was incorporated to refine and improve interview questions to assure intelligibility and relevance [26]. The interviews aimed to answer the research questions around what informal caregivers’ experiences are with care recipients’ weight management needs, and whether and how they themselves are affected by weight and caregiving responsibilities related to weight management of persons with SCI.
Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the pediatric motor activity log-revised (PMAL-R) for 2–17 year old children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Mintaze Kerem Günel, Kübra Seyhan, Kıvanç Delioğlu, Tuba Derya Doğan, Turgay Altunalan, Yasemin Kala, Edward Taub, Gitendra Uswatte
Translation and cross-cultural adaptiation of the PMAL-R was performed following the World Health Organisation process [25]. The scale was first translated into Turkish by two independent translators whose native language was Turkish and who spoke English (Translator 1 and 2). Translator 1 was also familiar with physiotherapy terminology. These two translations were compared and combined into a single Turkish version. A bilingual, native English speaker (Translator 3) and a bilingual physiotherapist with a good knowledge of English and physiotherapy terminology (Translator 4) back-translated the Turkish version into English again. This English version was compared to the original, and any differences were discussed. In addition, the Turkish version was distributed to 30 families and physiotherapists who were independent of this study for cultural adaptation and review of intelligibility. After correcting several incomprehensible words, the approval of authors ET and GU was obtained for the final version.