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The Special Sense Organs and Their Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
Evaluation of hearing can be done with several tests using a tuning fork to distinguish between nerve deafness and conductive deafness and using an audiometer, which provides an audiogram to reveal the range of hearing. Other diagnostic procedures associated with hearing evaluation include tympanometry (impedance testing), visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA), electroacoustic evaluation, and a short increment sensitivity index (SISI).
Screening Tools for Otological Function in Older Adults
Published in Stavros Hatzopoulos, Andrea Ciorba, Mark Krumm, Advances in Audiology and Hearing Science, 2020
Federica di Berardino, Diego Zanetti, Barbara Weinstein
ASHA established the audiological screening guidelines that pertain to any noninstitutionalized and noninstitutionalized old or older old adults. Thereafter, in 2011, the US Preventive Services Task Force issued a systematic review of the existing literature about screening for hearing loss in primary care settings in adults aged 50 years or older; this review encompassed twenty studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of tests for identifying hearing loss in older adults (Chou et al., 2011). Different tools that might be used for hearing screening purpose were considered; among them: testing whether the person can hear a whispered voice, a finger rub, a watch tick at 6 inches (15–16 cm); an only question (“Do you think you have a hearing loss?”); the HHIE short version and a handheld otoscope + audiometer (AudioScope®).
Impairment of hearing functions
Published in Ramar Sabapathi Vinayagam, Integrated Evaluation of Disability, 2019
Pure tone audiometry evaluates hearing impairment. An audiometer delivers sounds of specific frequencies at 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 6000, and 8000 Hz and different intensities with earphones for air conduction. It also delivers sounds at 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 Hz with an oscillator held at mastoid or on the forehead for bone conduction to measure hearing thresholds. The threshold for normal hearing is 0 ± 10 dB.
Prevalence of tinnitus in a sample of 43,064 children in Warsaw, Poland
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2021
Danuta Raj-Koziak, Elzbieta Gos, Weronika Swierniak, Henryk Skarzynski, Piotr H. Skarzynski
For hearing screening, the Sense Examination Platform, which is a portable screening audiometer, was used. The platform consists of a netbook linked to a central computer and several ancillary devices such as audiometric headphones, patient-operated button, and software allowing to perform pure tone audiometry. The platform carries Sennheiser HDA200 headphones which provide effective acoustic isolation of the ear from background noise. Details of the platform can be found in references (Skarżyński et al. 2011; Skarzyński et al. 2016; Skarżyński et al. 2020). Air conduction hearing thresholds were tested in the frequency range 0.5 to 8 kHz. The Hughson and Westlake procedure of threshold measurement was used (i.e. two out of three responses at threshold are required; (Śliwa et al. 2011)). All children were instructed to raise their hand when they hear the sound. When the sound stops, they were asked to lower their hands. Pure tone audiometry screening took place in a quiet room chosen by the school headmaster. Audiometry testing was conducted during school hours, excluding breaks. Experienced audiologists performed testing. The Bureau International d’Audiophonologie (BIAP) recommendation was used to divide children into two groups: children with normal hearing (with pure tone average (PTA) below 20 dB HL for 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz) and children with hearing loss (with PTA above 20 dB HL). (Bureau International d’Audiophonologie and for 1996). Degrees of hearing loss were assessed as mild (21–40 dB), moderate (41–70 dB), or severe (71–90 dB) according to BIAP standards (the worse ear was considered).
Pure tone hearing profiles in children with otitis media with effusion
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2018
Ting Cai, Bradley McPherson, Caiwei Li, Feng Yang
A pure tone audiometer (204A, Entomed, Sweden) with insert earphones (ER-3A, Etymotic Research, Elk Grove Village, IL) was used to measure hearing thresholds of participants in a sound-treated booth. Background noise levels of the booth were measured by a sound level meter (type 2250, Brüel & Kjær, Naerum, Denmark). The background noise was within the maximum permissible ambient noise levels for pure tone audiometry with insert earphones [29]. Air conduction pure tone thresholds at 125 Hz, 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, 4000 Hz and 8000 Hz were tested. If any of the thresholds at frequencies from 250 Hz to 4000 Hz were higher than 20 dB HL, bone conduction thresholds from 250 Hz to 4000 Hz were obtained. The averaged pure tone thresholds at speech frequencies across 500 Hz, 1000 Hz and 2000 Hz were used to give an estimate of the level of hearing impairment. The administration procedure followed the modified Hughson–Westlake method [30,31]. The audiometer and headphone assembly was calibrated with a sound level meter (type 824, Larson Davis, Depew, NY).
One-eartip solution for pure-tone audiometry and acoustic immittance measurements: using insert earphone with an immittance probe ear tip
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2022
Hlologelo Ramatsoma, Dirk Koekemoer, Jackie L. Clark, Keagan Malan
When utilising immittance probe tips, a forethought is the leakage of low-frequencies and possible transducer infiltration of low frequency ambient noise. The audiometer used in this study utilised a seal check technology that allows the user to evaluate the seal of the probe tip before and after hearing screening assessment. Therefore, making the hearing healthcare specialist aware of any leaks or infiltration of ambient noise in the low frequencies during testing. No leaks were detected during study 1 and 2, this could be due to the transducer configuration that allows for seal maintenance throughout testing (Figure 3).