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Radiogrammetry
Published in Stanton H. Cohn, Non-Invasive Measurements of Bone Mass and Their Clinical Application, 2020
The determination from large scale surveys, in the early 1960s, of significant bone loss in women over age 50 (Figure 1) was quite unexpected. The findings derived from measurements of cortical thickness of the radius2,3 and of the second metacarpal.4,5 Earlier studies by Albright6 and Albright and Reifenstein7 found no significant effect in postmenopausal and senile osteoporosis on peripheral bones. The results of cortical thickness measurements of peripheral bones clearly established that these two types of osteoporosis had a generalized, rather than an axial, distribution. Furthermore, these radiogrammetric studies indicated that patients with osteoporotic fractures (femoral neck fractures, vertebral compressions) had reduced cortical thickness, and that the incidence of these fractures increased with decreasing cortical thickness.2,3 While the exact pathogenesis of these “fragility fractures” (including Colles’ fracture) is still debatable, studies by Morgan and Newton-John8,9 suggest that the increased frequency of these fractures in older persons, especially women, can largely be accounted for by the loss of bone with age.
SBA Answers and Explanations
Published in Vivian A. Elwell, Jonathan M. Fishman, Rajat Chowdhury, SBAs for the MRCS Part A, 2018
Vivian A. Elwell, Jonathan M. Fishman, Rajat Chowdhury
Colles’ fracture is a distal fracture of the radius that is a known cause of carpal tunnel syndrome (compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel). It rarely results in ulnar nerve compression. A Colles’ fracture is extra-articular by definition and does not extend into the wrist joint, otherwise this would make it an intra-articular fracture (Barton’s fracture). The distal fragment in a Colles’ fracture is displaced dorsally, unlike in a Smith’s fracture where the distal fragment is displaced volarly (ventrally). Associated fracture of the ulnar styloid process may occur in more than 60 per cent of cases, although this does not form part of the true Colles’ fracture (especially as it may not occur in all cases) and is a common associated injury.
Upper limb
Published in Aida Lai, Essential Concepts in Anatomy and Pathology for Undergraduate Revision, 2018
Colles’ fracture Causes ‘dinner-fork’ deformityAffects distal radius (dorsal angulation and displacement)Most commonly caused by falling on outstretched hand
Incidence of distal ulna fractures in a Swedish county: 74/100,000 person-years, most of them treated non-operatively
Published in Acta Orthopaedica, 2020
Maria Moloney, Simon Farnebo, Lars Adolfsson
Fractures of the distal ulna may result in incongruence and instability of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ), which may result in chronic pain or limited forearm rotation (Kvernmo 2014). Fractures of the distal ulna most often accompany a distal radius fracture and in the majority of cases they affect the ulnar styloid process, while fractures of the ulnar head and/or neck are less common (Ring et al. 2004). Distal radius fractures and concomitant fractures of the distal radius and ulna are commonly caused by a fall from standing height on an outstretched arm with extended wrist. Isolated ulna fractures on the other hand are most often caused by a direct trauma to the ulnar border of the wrist (Richards and Deal 2014). Among patients with a Colles fracture, excluding ulnar styloid fractures, 5.6% have a concomitant fracture of the distal ulna (Biyani et al. 1995). Internal fixation of these fractures is typically difficult (Ring et al. 2004) as the distal fragment in most cases is small, consisting to a large extent of metaphysis and has a 270° articular surface.
Bone fractures among adult Nigerians with hyperthyroidism: risk factors, pattern and frequency
Published in Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa, 2019
AO Ale, OO Odusan, TO Afe, OL Adeyemo, AO Ogbera
The pattern of fractures in our hyperthyroid subjects involved bones predominantly made up of cortical bone tissue confirmed by pattern and sites of fractures. These are in the left lower third of the tibia, left lower third of the radius (left forearm)/Colles fracture, left distal phalanx of the fourth toe or left index finger following minor trauma. This is in conformity with the finding in a previous study of cortical involvement more than trabecular bone.5
Bazedoxifene for the treatment of osteoporosis
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2019
Maria P. Yavropoulou, Polyzois Makras, Athanasios D. Anastasilakis
The worldwide prevalence of at least one osteoporotic fracture in the general population is estimated around 40% in postmenopausal women and 30% in men above the age of 50, and increases significantly the risk for a new fracture [5–7]. The most commonly affected skeletal sites include the lumbar and thoracic spine, distal radius (Colles’ fracture), proximal femur and humerus.