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Geographic Tongue
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Geographic tongue is characterized by irregular patches on the surface of the tongue. This gives the tongue a map-like appearance. It is caused by a loss of the tiny, finger-like projections, called papillae, on the tongue. Geographic tongue usually has no symptoms. Occasionally geographic tongue may cause a burning or smarting sensation of the tongue causing patients to seek treatment. In most cases, there is no need for treatment.
Papulosquamous disorders
Published in Aimilios Lallas, Enzo Errichetti, Dimitrios Ioannides, Dermoscopy in General Dermatology, 2018
Aimilios Lallas, Enzo Errichetti
Several variants of pustular psoriasis do exist. Generalized pustular psoriasis (von Zumbusch) represents the most severe form of the disease, with patients being systemically ill. Typically, this form appears in patients with a history of psoriasis after withdrawal of systemic steroids used for a concomitant disease. The onset of the disease is usually acute, with the formation of sterile pustules at the edge of erythematous patches, periungually, and on the palms (Figure 1.5). These pustules may rapidly enlarge and become confluent, forming lakes of pus. Mucous membrane lesions are common, and the so-called “geographic” tongue is a frequent finding. Systemic symptoms include fever, diarrhea, arthralgias, and chills.1–3
Benign Oral and Dental Disease
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
Konrad S. Staines, Alexander Crighton
Geographic tongue is a disorder of epithelial tissue turnover on the tongue dorsal surface. Very occasionally it can be found on other parts of the oral mucosa. Normal epithelial replacement occurs in scattered parts of the tongue mucosa at the same time and is not noticed, but in geographic tongue, adjacent epithelial areas have synchronized turnover with thinning of the mucosa as the existing layers are lost. This thinning makes the red colour of the connective tissue more visible and the patient describes red patches on the dorsum of the tongue which then gradually ‘heal’ as the new epithelium is produced (Figure 42.9). This entire process takes about 10 days but may be progressive over adjacent areas of the tongue which leads to the appearance of the condition ‘moving’ across the tongue. Although it can be a continuous process, it often occurs at intervals of 2 or 3 months in susceptible individuals. Most patients have no symptoms, but a proportion get sensitivity to highly flavoured or spicy foods due to the thinning of the epithelial barrier. This sensitivity is most noticed by children and can be disabling particularly in the very young. With age, the sensitivity reduces and most symptomatic patients require no treatment other than avoiding irritant foodstuffs. Topical anaesthetics such as benzydamine can be helpful if symptoms are particularly bad, but as the cause for the reduced epithelial proliferation is unknown, no ‘curative’ treatments are available.
Soluble LPS receptor CD14 is increased in saliva of patients with geographic tongue
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2023
Geographic tongue (GT) is a common oral mucosal lesion that affects the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the tongue and is characterised by atrophy of the filiform papillae, resulting in denuded areas with whitish peripheral zones that migrate across the tongue by healing at one site while extending into another [1]. The concomitant occurrence of GT and fissure tongue (FT) has been reported in several studies [2,3]. Furthermore, it has been suggested that GT and FT represent different reaction patterns of the same inflammatory disease of the tongue [4]. It has been proposed that GT is transforming into FT [5].
Lack of direct association between oral mucosal lesions and SARS-CoV- 2 in a cohort of patients hospitalised with COVID-19
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2022
Gabriela Schwab, Michelle Palmieri, Rodrigo M. Zerbinati, Dmitry J. S. Sarmento, Thais Reis, Karem L. Ortega, Italo T. Kano, Rafael A. V. Caixeta, Bengt Hasséus, Dipak Sapkota, Roger Junges, Simone Giannecchini, André L. F. Costa, Sumatra M. C. P. Jales, José A. L. Lindoso, Camila Barros Gallo, Paulo H. Braz-Silva
With regard to the oral mucosal lesions, three patients had pre-existing ones: pilous tongue, geographic tongue and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia. Pseudomembranous candidiasis and angular cheilitis were observed in three other patients, whose poor oral hygiene during hospitalisation could be related to the presence of opportunistic fungi. Moreover, one of the patients diagnosed with pseudomembranous candidiasis was HIV-positive and had a marked decrease in the number of CD4 + T lymphocytes.