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Corneal Ulcers and Contact Lens Keratitis
Published in Amy-lee Shirodkar, Gwyn Samuel Williams, Bushra Thajudeen, Practical Emergency Ophthalmology Handbook, 2019
Patients usually present with a red eye and symptoms of pain, photophobia, watering and visual disturbance, levels of which vary depending on cause and severity. Take a detailed history and remember to ask about associated symptoms such as discharge and itchiness as well as contact lens wear, past ocular history including surgery, as well as a medical history.
Bacteriology of Ophthalmic Infections
Published in K. Balamurugan, U. Prithika, Pocket Guide to Bacterial Infections, 2019
Arumugam Priya, Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian
The inflammation of the conjunctiva, the transparent membrane that covers the sclera is termed as conjunctivitis. Conjunctivitis forms the most common cause of red eye and most frequently observed eye infection worldwide. Conjunctivitis can be a cause of bacterial or viral origin. Ocular allergy, other extraocular infections such as blepharitis, dacryocystitis, dry eye, use of contact lenses, ophthalmic solutions, and medications are stated as frequent causes of conjunctivitis. The symptoms include tearing, burning, or stinging sensation, sticky eyelids in the morning, mucopurulent secretions with distinct or severe pain.
Head and neck
Published in Ian Greaves, Military Medicine in Iraq and Afghanistan, 2018
During the conflict period of Operation Telic, 45 eye injuries were seen, accounting for 2% of all admissions to 34 Field Hospital.121 Six casualties required evacuation for definitive care. Between March 2003 and June 2007, ophthalmic presentations accounted for 1610 (5.3%) attendances at the emergency department and Role 3 Facility.122 Only 22 (1.4%) were injuries sustained as a direct result of combat. Non-battle injuries were relatively minor, including foreign bodies and corneal abrasions. The remainder of the presentations included common causes of ‘red eye’, such as conjunctivitis, or conditions caused by dangers inherent to the deployed environment, such as oils, grease and chemicals being wiped or splashed into or around the eyes.122 Unfortunately, these early data do not identify the number of casualties needing surgical intervention or their long-term outcomes in terms of loss of visual acuity or discharge from Service. However, the data do demonstrate how ophthalmic presentations varied over time and peaked during the height of hostilities in 2003. A similar peak was noted during Operation Desert Storm in 1991, when ophthalmic injuries accounted for 13% of all wounds.123 Combat eye protection was therefore issued to all personnel deployed to Iraq and this is likely to have contributed to the reduction in incidence of eye injuries seen during Operation Telic.13
Comparative Evaluation of Tears and Nasopharyngeal Swab for SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 Dedicated Intensive Care Unit Patients
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2021
Ritu Arora, Ruchi Goel, Sonal Saxena, Vikas Manchanda, Mohammad Ahmad, Gaurav Gupta, Mohit Chhabra, Sumit Kumar, Tran Minh Nhu Nguyen, Palak Pumma, Kirti Saxena
The reported ophthalmic manifestations of COVID-19 are follicular/hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, epiphora, eyelid edema, tarsal pseudo membrane, ocular discomfort, photophobia, superficial punctate keratitis, corneal epithelial discomfort, subepithelial infiltrate, pseudo dendrite, dry eyes, hyperreflective lesions at ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer, cotton wool spots, and retinal microhaemorrhages.31,32 In a published review that included, 20 articles, ocular manifestations of 2228 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were analyzed. It was found that 95 (4.3%) had ocular signs and symptoms during the course of disease, of which 21(0.9%) had ocular involvement as the presenting symptom.22 In a recently published report, bilateral optic disc edema and retinal hemorrhages were seen in 2 out of 4 cases on prolonged prone positioning (at least 16 hours), strategy used for improving oxygenation in COVID-19 associated severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Both the patients had periorbital edema and raised intraocular pressure in prone position suggestive of an orbital compartment syndrome.33 Also, red eye may be a consequence of oxygen therapy and continuous positive airway pressure.34
The Clinical Characteristics of Pediatric Non-Infectious Uveitis in Two Tertiary Referral Centers in Turkey
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2021
F. Nilüfer Yalçındağ, Sirel Gür Güngör, Mehmet Fatih Kağan Değirmenci, Almila Sarıgül Sezenöz, Zeynep Birsin Özçakar, Esra Baskın, Fatma Fatoş Yalçınkaya, Huban Atilla
In our study, we found the mean age of patients at diagnosis of uveitis to be 9.5 years which is like previous studies in the literature.11,12 There was no significant gender difference (1.1:1) in our cohort. Similarly, in reports from developed countries, equal gender distribution predominance is reported, while series from India report a male gender predominance.12-16 Only in a few studies the symptoms of patients are reported. BenEzra et al. noted that 29% of their patients did not show any subjective symptoms and were detected during routine testing; Smith et al. reported 16.5% were diagnosed while routine examination and 6% were diagnosed in school eye exams.3,12 In our study, 40% of the patients were asymptomatic. It is the highest percentage in the literatures as far as we know. Pediatric rheumatology patients are routinely consulted to our department for eye examinations. The high rates of asymptomatic patients in our study can be contributed to this cooperation between ophthalmology and pediatric rheumatology departments. Although most patients did not have subjective complaints, red eye and blurred vision were found to be the most common symptoms in symptomatic patients, consistent with previous reports.12
Post-Streptococcal Uveitis: Case Report
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2019
Carlos Augusto Medina, Angela Fajardo, Ana Calderon, Manuel Aracena
A female patient, 58 years of age, consulted in ophthalmology for 8 days after initial symptoms were detected and which were characterized by blurred vision and bilateral red eye. The patient’s visual acuity was limited to counting fingers in both eyes. Physical examination included conjunctival hyperemia with 360° ciliary injection, clear cornea, anterior chamber formed, with Tyndall +++, and reactive pupil with multiple posterior synechiae in both eyes (Figures 1 and 2) in addition to marked vitreitis, which prevented eye fundus evaluation. She reported having suffered acute tonsillitis 20 days prior to the consultation, which was managed by a general physician administering azithromycin, 500 mg daily for 3 days. Her medical history showed that she had controlled hypothyroidism, being treated at that time with levothyroxine, and dyslipidemia which was being treated with atorvastatin.