China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
How to master MCQs
Published in Chung Nen Chua, Li Wern Voon, Siddhartha Goel, Ophthalmology Fact Fixer, 2017
Orbital emphysema usually results from medial wall fractures such that sneezing or nose-blowing forces air from the paranasal sinuses into the orbital tissue. Prophylactic antibiotic prevents orbital cellulitis. The fracture is often small and difficult to locate even with a CT scan. The majority of cases resolve spontaneously and surgery is rarely required. Infraorbital nerve anaesthesia is a feature of orbital floor fractures.
Head and neck
Published in Dave Maudgil, Anthony Watkinson, The Essential Guide to the New FRCR Part 2A and Radiology Boards, 2017
Dave Maudgil, Anthony Watkinson
Are the following statements regarding fractures of the orbital floor true or false? Orbital floor fractures are commoner than orbital roof fractures.The medial rectus nerve may herniate through an orbital floor fracture.Orbital floor and medial wall fractures rarely co-exist.Orbital emphysema is almost always seen.Absence of air-fluid level suggests that the fracture is old.
Orbital Fractures
Published in Jeffrey R. Marcus, Detlev Erdmann, Eduardo D. Rodriguez, Essentials of CRANIOMAXILLOFACIAL TRAUMA, 2014
Regina M. Fearmonti, Jeffrey R. Marcus
Although a common finding with orbital floor and medial wall fractures, orbital emphysema rarely presents with clinical symptoms and usually requires no intervention. However, there are instances in which intraorbital air raises intraorbital pressure and leads to central retinal artery occlusion. Indications for needle aspiration of the air include rising intraocular pressure associated with visual deterioration, pain, and ocular motility impairment. In addition, the patient should be instructed to avoid nose-blowing during the acute pressure increase.
Radiological findings of orbital blowout fractures: a review
Published in Orbit, 2021
Ma ReginaPaula Valencia, Hidetaka Miyazaki, Makoto Ito, Kunihiro Nishimura, Hirohiko Kakizaki, Yasuhiro Takahashi
Orbital emphysema is the most common complication that occurs after nose blowing, sneezing, and coughing (Figure 5a).43 Approximate 75% of patients with medial orbital fracture experience some degree of orbital emphysema.43 Orbital emphysema on CT images is helpful for diagnosis of orbital blowout fractures.44 This is a self-limiting condition and spontaneously resolves within 7–10 days.43 This occurs when increased sinus pressure predisposes air entry into the orbit.43 However, elevation of the intraorbital pressure by orbital emphysema is usually limited because intraorbital pressure escapes through the fracture site.10,45 It is extremely rare for a large intraorbital air pocket to cause orbital compartment syndrome.46 Orbital emphysema occasionally restricts upward gaze severely in pediatric patients, which mimics trapdoor fracture with inferior rectus muscle incarceration.43
Surgical outcome and unusual complications of paediatric external dacryocystorhinostomy
Published in Orbit, 2019
Francesco M. Quaranta-Leoni, Sara Verrilli, Antonella Leonardi
Un unusual complication found in three patients of this series was a subcutaneous emphysema, which developed immediately after awakening following general anaesthesia. Orbital emphysema has been described after both orbital blowout and medial wall fractures and it can sometimes progress to subcutaneous emphysema. Although trauma is the most common cause, there are a few cases of subcutaneous emphysema described in the literature following DCR surgery.23,24 After DCR, patients are instructed to avoid nose-blowing that creates positive pressure in the nasal cavity; two of the children in this series that developed subcutaneous emphysema had been submitted to a redo DCR with significative enlargement of previous rhinostomy, and all that showed this complication had burst into tears and shouted right after awakening. For this reason, they might have developed a sudden positive pressure in the nasal cavity determining the emphysema. Although a rare event, one should be aware of the risk for subcutaneous emphysema after paediatric DCR.
Anatomic and physiologic approach for trans-conjunctival needle decompression of orbital emphysema
Published in Orbit, 2023
Orbital emphysema (O.E.) is the abnormal presence of air within the orbit. A common cause of O.E. is blunt trauma, resulting in medial wall disruption and potentially a one-way valve mechanism, in which air can enter the orbit from adjacent sinuses, but cannot exit. Classically, this process is perpetrated by repeated nose-blowing, sneezing, or coughing. Up to 75% of patients with medial orbital wall fracture will have some degree of O.E.1 Numerous other non-traumatic etiologies have been implicated in O.E,2 including iatrogenic (endoscopic sinus surgery, dacryocystorhinostomy, vitreoretinal surgery, etc.), barotrauma (ventilator-associated, scuba diving, forceful nose blowing, sneezing, Valsalva, etc.), and idiopathic.