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Mycobacterium leprae
Published in Peter M. Lydyard, Michael F. Cole, John Holton, William L. Irving, Nino Porakishvili, Pradhib Venkatesan, Katherine N. Ward, Case Studies in Infectious Disease, 2010
Peter M. Lydyard, Michael F. Cole, John Holton, William L. Irving, Nino Porakishvili, Pradhib Venkatesan, Katherine N. Ward
LL and, often, BL are characterized by more than five skin lesions and considerable numbers of bacilli in smears and are collectively called multi-bacillary (MB) leprosy. Patients with LL have small diffuse and symmetric macular lesions. Lepromatous infiltrations are called lepromas or plaques and lead to the development of leonine faces. The loss of sensation and nerve loss progress slowly. Bone and cartilage damage is common as well as alopecia of eyebrows and eyelashes (madarosis). Testicular atrophy leads to sterility and gynecomastia.
Ocular Infections
Published in Thomas T. Yoshikawa, Shobita Rajagopalan, Antibiotic Therapy for Geriatric Patients, 2005
Richard S. Baker, Charles W. Flowers, Richard Casey
Blepharitis usually presents with bilateral eye redness, irritation, burning, and tearing. Although these symptoms generally are relatively benign, they can become incapacitating during acute exacerbations. The major clinical features are bilateral lid margin crusting, the accumulation of dandruff-like flakes at the base of the lashes, and lid margin hyperemia (Fig. 1). Because of the chronic nature of this condition, many patients will eventually sustain permanent structural changes to the lid margin, consisting of lid margin thickening, loss of lashes (madarosis), and misdirected lashes.
Presentation, diagnosis, and the role of subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapy in the management of ocular allergy
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2021
Amruta Trivedi, Constance Katelaris
Atopic keratoconjunctivitis is severe, chronic, bilateral inflammation of the ocular surface. It is more common in adulthood, and up to 95 per cent of patients have a personal or family history of allergic disease. Atopic dermatitis is the most common associated condition,31 and atopic keratoconjunctivitis is considered the ‘ocular counterpart’ of atopic dermatitis. The eyelids have an eczematous appearance (Figure 2F), and madarosis or loss of eyelashes is often present. Other ocular findings include chemosis of the eyelid skin, with fine sandpaper‐like texture, conjunctival injection, and conjunctival scarring.32 Similar to vernal keratoconjunctivitis, small Trantas dots and papillae may be present. Patients may also develop atopic cataracts and may require cataract surgery at a young age.13 Corneal complications are common, and risk of vision‐threatening herpetic keratitis also increases.20 As seen in allergic conjunctivitis, many patients with atopic keratoconjunctivitis also test positive to aeroallergen sensitivity.
Severe upper eyelid mass in a patient with mycosis fungoides
Published in Orbit, 2020
Yağmur Seda Yeşiltaş, Melek Banu Hoşal, Meltem Kurt Yüksel, Aylin Okçu Heper
At presentation, best corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. On external examination, an ulcerated severe mass diffusely infiltrating right upper eyelid was present. There were patch lesions at the left upper and lower eyelid with upper eyelid margin ulceration. He also had bilateral madarosis in the upper eyelids. Total alopecia was observed left and partially of the right eyebrows (Figure 1a). On slit lamp, biomicroscopy and fundus examination, no intraocular involvement with MF was detected in either eye. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the orbit demonstrated a dense, homogeneous ill-defined mass diffusely filling right upper eyelid. The lesion was isointense with respect to the extraocular muscles and cerebral gray matter on T1-weighted images (Figure 1b) and hyperintense on T2-weighted images. The lesion showed moderate contrast enhancement. Ophthalmic involvement of MF was suspected, an incisional biopsy of the right upper eyelid was performed. Histopathologic examination showed collections of atypical, enlarged lymphoid cells which infiltrates both dermis and epidermis and consists of early stages of large cell transformation (Figure 1c). Immunohistologic staining of the lymphocytes was positive for a predominant T-cell population suggestive of mycosis cells. Based on the histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings, the diagnosis was found be consistent with tumor-stage MF.
Eyelid syringocystadenoma papilliferum: A novel presentation with major review
Published in Orbit, 2018
Michael C Tseng, Bijal Amin, Anne Barmettler
Our case is of a 66-year-old-male who complained of a left upper eyelid lesion present for a year and increasing in size. The mass itself was non-tender, but the patient complained that it interfered with his vision and caused tearing and redness. Physical examination was remarkable for a 4-mm, elevated, yellow/tan, multilobulated lesion at the lateral left upper eyelid margin. The lesion did not transilluminate, have central umbilication, or have associated madarosis. The rest of his ophthalmic exam was significant for trace injection of the conjunctiva and a small superior corneal abrasion (Figure 1a). At this time, differential diagnoses for this lesion included a papilloma, chalazion, amelanotic nevus, seborrheic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma, and other eyelid skin cancers.