China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Chemosensory Disorders and Nutrition
Published in Alan R. Hirsch, Nutrition and Sensation, 2023
Carl M. Wahlstrom, Alan R. Hirsch, Bradley W. Whitman
Hyposmia brought on by trauma or acute infection is more likely to be noticed by the individual, but lifelong or chronic hyposmia undoubtedly seems normal and natural to its victims, just as color blindness seems normal and natural to persons with this problem. Color blindness, however, is usually detected because physicians screen patients for it and because traffic lights are red and green. But physicians do not screen patients for hyposmia, and there is no signal comparable to the traffic light in our society that depends on the sense of smell, except for the odorant added to gas to warn of leaks. In this case, a failure to perceive the signal could be disastrous. This is a matter of concern for the elderly, who, as mentioned, are likely to have some degree of impairment in the sense of smell.
Clinical Examination in Neuro-Ophthalmology
Published in Vivek Lal, A Clinical Approach to Neuro-Ophthalmic Disorders, 2023
Selvakumar Ambika, Krishnakumar Padmalakshmi
Congenital color blindness is frequently present as red-green dyschromatopsia and is more common in males. Patients may not be aware of their condition and hence on testing with color vision charts, if the color perception is symmetrically affected, then congenital color blindness ought to be suspected.
Neurologic Diagnosis
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Testing of color vision (CV) is most useful in assessing optic nerve function. CV errors with only a minimal reduction in VA support an optic nerve basis for visual loss. CV is most easily tested by Ishihara's color plates (a 14-plate book or with plates available as a mobile phone app) by recording how many are correctly read by each eye. However, about 10% of males and 1% of females have some color blindness about which they are usually aware. A subjective comparison of brightness of a red target (red pin or, e.g. a Mydriacyl [tropicamide] bottle top) viewed alternately with each eye may show a desaturation in an eye with an optic nerve lesion.
Dim light melatonin onset following simulated eastward travel is earlier in young males genotyped as PER35/5 than PER34/4
Published in Chronobiology International, 2022
Lovemore Kunorozva, Dale E. Rae, Laura C. Roden
A total of 117 participants were screened for eligibility for this study. Participants completed a questionnaire detailing demographics, medical history, medication and supplement use, work, travel, sleep, exercise and dietary history. The questionnaire also contained the Horne-Östberg morningness-eveningness personality questionnaire to determine chronotype (Horne and Ostberg 1976), the Sleep Timing Questionnaire (Monk et al. 2003) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire to assess sleep quality (Buysse et al. 1989). The questionnaire was designed to determine eligibility and describe study participants. Participants then performed the online Ishihara colour blind test (Birch 1997) as colour blindness may negatively influence the efficacy of blue light therapy (Lavric and Pompe 2014; Rüger et al. 2013). Based on their responses to 24 different plates, the test indicated whether participants had (i) normal colour vision, (ii) red-green colour blindness or (iii) total colour blindness. None of the participants tested positive for red-green colour blindness or total colour blindness. The investigator measured the height (m) and weight (kg) of each participant to determine body mass index (kg∙m−2).
“We Were in White Homes as Black Children:” Caribbean Youth’s Stories of Out-of-home Care in Ontario, Canada
Published in Journal of Progressive Human Services, 2021
Charlotte Akuoko-Barfi, Tearney McDermott, Henry Parada, Travonne Edwards
Critical race theorists articulate how the normalization of White supremacy obscures the racist assumptions, attitudes, and practices underpinning society and point to the rise of neoliberalist policies, characterized by a so-called color-blind approach, for their role in further obscuring racism (Goldberg, 2009). Specific to the Canadian context, scholars have pointed to how the Government of Canada’s official writing of multiculturalism into law has been taken for granted as an indication of the retreating significance of race in Canadian society and given way to the normalization of color blind logic (Galabuzi, 2011). Color blindness is an attempt to “subvert racism by a commitment to not see racialized differences” (Samuels, 2009, n.p.). However, rather than eliminating racial disparities, color blindness only further cements them by ignoring the reality of White supremacy as a condition of society in which any claims to “neutrality” unavoidably reflect White culture, norms, and values (Dei, 2007). Multiculturalism-induced color blindness (Galabuzi, 2011) works to undermine claims that current racial disparities, as seen across all of Canada’s institutions (Cole, 2020; Maynard, 2017), are evidence of the persistent relevance of race. A theme of CRT is the concept of “structural determinism” which describes how institutions embodying and enacting White supremacy fail to correct themselves since the inconspicuousness of their racial bias simultaneously encourages racial disparities and works to reinforce the pathologizing of racial disparities in increasingly complex ways (Delgado & Stefancic, 2001).
Racism and Bioethics: The Myth of Color Blindness
Published in The American Journal of Bioethics, 2021
The first problem with the notion of color blindness is the obvious empirical fact that it is not possible to not see the color of someone’s skin. It is obvious and common when asked to describe, for example, the physical characteristics of a friend, colleague, or acquaintance, to refer to them by certain visual cues and physical characteristics. “My friend Paul is that tall guy with dark hair and glasses.” “My friend Daphne is that petite thin woman with red hair.” “My colleague Clarence is the tall Black guy with a mustache.” (n.b. that is me) These examples make the obvious point that none of us are literally colorblind; we in fact regularly and appropriately identify individuals in our circle of interaction by their physical characteristics, including the color of their skin. Further, it is common to refer to individuals not just by their skin color (Clarence is not literally black in color) but by the racial categories that we have been trained to associate with that skin color (Clarence’s skin is brown, but his other physical characteristics cause us to place him in a category we’ve been acculturated to call “Black”). Hence, the first problem with the notion of color blindness is that unless the individual is literally visually impaired or unable to discern differences in skin hue it is not possible to literally be colorblind. The comment, “I don’t see color” really makes no sense.