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Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Published in Nicole M. Farmer, Andres Victor Ardisson Korat, Cooking for Health and Disease Prevention, 2022
He also recommends ceramic-coated (eco) pans. Dr. Weil states that “I think they’re a great advance over earlier nonstick pans and bakeware and are safer because they’re made without perfluorooctanoic acid, known as PFOA, the potentially toxic chemical used in the manufacture of coatings for nonstick pans such as Teflon. The nonstick surface of the new green pans uses ceramic-based nanotechnology that is said – unlike older nonstick coatings – to be stable on exposure to high heat.”
Avoiding Risky Substances and Environmental Exposures
Published in Michelle Tollefson, Nancy Eriksen, Neha Pathak, Improving Women's Health Across the Lifespan, 2021
Natasha DeJarnett, Neha Pathak
Exposure to lead during fetal development is associated with brain injury and functional decrements at lower doses compared to adults. In utero exposure is associated with impaired cognitive and language development (in combination with manganese exposure)40 and sociability41 in infants. In utero exposure to lead is associated with modified DNA methylation and may be more likely to occur in female infants compared to males, suggesting a potential risk for future offspring.42 Fetuses and infants are susceptible to mercury exposure because of the damage it causes to the central nervous system,38 which can be permanent,42,44 regardless of whether the exposure occurs pre- or postnatally.45 In addition, PFAS can transfer to infants through breastmilk and cord blood.39 Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), another perfluorochemical, exposure during pregnancy has been linked with gestational diabetes.46
Exposure Assessment
Published in Ted W. Simon, Environmental Risk Assessment, 2019
In other instances of biomarker use as a measure of exposure, normal variation of a biological process may affect both an outcome and the biomarker value. Kidney function is generally measured as glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and maternal GFR is positively related to birth weight.46,47 Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) can be measured in blood, and its concentration is strongly related to birth weight.48 A recent meta-analysis that separated studies where blood was sampled early in pregnancy or before conception showed no association of birth weight with PFOA, whereas in studies where sampling occurred late in pregnancy, high PFOA concentrations were associated with lower birth weight. The variation in pregnancy-related changes in GFR affected both the serum PFOA concentrations and birth weight—another example of reverse causation.
Pulmonary exposure of mice to ammonium perfluoro(2-methyl-3-oxahexanoate) (GenX) suppresses the innate immune response to carbon black nanoparticles and stimulates lung cell proliferation
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2022
Ho Young Lee, Dorothy J. You, Alexia J. Taylor-Just, Keith E. Linder, Hannah M. Atkins, Lauren M. Ralph, Gabriela De la Cruz, James C. Bonner
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent chemicals in ‘nonstick’ products such as TeflonTM and firefighting foams that cause immunosuppression in mice (Yang et al. 2002; Dewitt et al. 2008; DeWitt et al. 2012) and have been associated with susceptibility to asthma and lung infections in humans (Qin et al. 2017; Zhou et al. 2017; Impinen et al. 2018; Averina et al. 2019). Representative ‘legacy’ PFAS compounds, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), are presumed immune hazards to humans by the US National Toxicology Program (NTP 2016) after findings from both animal and human studies provided evidence of suppressed T cell-dependent antibody response (TDAR) and suppressed vaccine response (Yang et al. 2002; Dewitt et al. 2008), including a decrease in vaccine-associated antibody concentrations in exposed children (Grandjean et al. 2012; Stein et al. 2016).
Systemic PFOS and PFOA exposure and disturbed lipid homeostasis in humans: what do we know and what not?
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2021
Styliani Fragki, Hubert Dirven, Tony Fletcher, Bettina Grasl-Kraupp, Kristine Bjerve Gützkow, Ron Hoogenboom, Sander Kersten, Birgitte Lindeman, Jochem Louisse, Ad Peijnenburg, Aldert H. Piersma, Hans M. G. Princen, Maria Uhl, Joost Westerhout, Marco J. Zeilmaker, Mirjam Luijten
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are man-made substances with unique physicochemical properties, such as oil and water repellence, high temperature and chemical resistance, and emulsifying/surfactant properties. Because of these properties, PFASs have been in use since the 1950s for a wide range of industrial and consumer applications, including food contact materials, water-repellent fabrics, waxes, fire-fighting foams, shampoos and cosmetics, as well as insecticides. Several long-chain PFASs, including the well-known perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), are extremely persistent in the environment and tend to bioaccumulate (OECD 2015). Measurable blood concentrations of PFOA and PFOS, and to a lesser degree other PFASs, have been found in populations worldwide (US EPA 2016a, 2016b; Ballesteros et al. 2017; ATSDR 2018; EFSA CONTAM Panel 2018a, 2020). Moreover, this class of substances has been associated with various adverse health effects in humans, including serum lipid perturbations, immunotoxicity, and developmental toxicity (US EPA 2016a, 2016b; ATSDR 2018; EFSA CONTAM Panel 2018a, 2020).
A comparison of levels of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in raw and cooked fish
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Şana Sungur, Erdi Kanan, Muaz Köroğlu
The perfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) consist of a large group of compounds consisting of a fully fluorinated hydrophobic alkyl chain of varying length and a hydrophilic end group. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) are the most prominent members of PFAS. Due to their thermal and chemical stability and surface activity, perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have been used since decades in a range of industrial and chemical applications as processing aids in impregnation agents for textiles, carpets, paper, packaging materials, furniture, shoes, cleaning agents, paint and varnish, wax, floor polishing agents, fire-extinguishing liquids, photo paper, and insecticide formulations (EFSA 2012). The wide use of certain PFCs led to their global distribution in the environment including humans.