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Acute Myeloid Leukemia An Introduction
Published in Wojciech Gorczyca, Atlas of Differential Diagnosis in Neoplastic Hematopathology, 2014
MLL is located on chromosome 11q23. There are >100 MLL partners identified in both de novo and t-AML and t-ALL [38]. Chromosomal changes involving MLL include balanced and unbalanced translocations, inversions, insertions, amplification, and PTD. Some of the rearrangements have prognostic implications (see earlier). MLL-PTD occurs in 10% of AMLs, confers poor prognosis, and has been associated with trisomy 11 or karyotypically normal AML [78–81]. AML may be positive for both MLL-PTD and FLT3-ITD [80]. In a series reported by Schnittger et al. [78], of the 16 MLL duplication positive cases, 7 were classified as FAB M2 (AML with maturation), 2 as M1 (AML without maturation), 5 as M4 (acute myelomonocytic leukemia), 1 as M0, and 1 as M5 (acute monoblastic leukemia). Median survival and relapse-free interval of the MLL-PTD+ group were significantly worse than those of an age-matched karyotypically normal control group. AML with MLL gene amplification/tandem repeats has poor response to treatment and dismal prognosis [78,79,81].
The prognostic and therapeutic potentials of CTLA-4 in hematological malignancies
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 2022
Mohammad Sadeghi, Atefeh Khodakarami, Armin Ahmadi, Mehrdad Fathi, Jamshid Gholizadeh Navashenaq, Hamed Mohammadi, Mehdi Yousefi, Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi, Ali Akbar Movasaghpour Akbari, Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
According to Radwan et al. CTLA-4 mRNA expression in Teff cells of AML patients was elevated. The expression of CTLA-4 was found to be higher in patients with M0 (an aggressive subtype of AML, associated with poor prognosis) and M2 AML subtypes compared to the others. Also, patients with unfavorable prognoses had higher levels of CTLA-4 than cases with favorable ones. In addition, a negative association was detected between CTLA-4 and White Blood Cells (WBCs), absolute neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, PB and BM blasts, and hemoglobin levels. This suggested a significant correlation between patients’ prognosis and CTLA-4 expression by Teff cells. The HLA-DR expression of T-cells, a key marker indicating the activation of T-cells, was found to be negatively correlated with CTLA-4 expression. Also, CTLA-4 expression by Teff cells was found to be correlated with Lymphocyte-Activation Gene 3 (LAG3) activation, another IC, which was also upregulated [51].
Prolonged granulocyte colony stimulating factor use in glycogen storage disease type 1b associated with acute myeloid leukemia and with shortened telomere length
Published in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2018
Amanda M. Li, Santhosh Thyagu, Dawn Maze, Richard Schreiber, Sandra Sirrs, Sylvia Stockler-Ipsiroglu, Heather Sutherland, Suzanne Vercauteren, Kirk R. Schultz
Two of our patients add to three existing published cases of AML/MDS in GSD type 1b. Simmons et al (1984) first described a boy followed at the Mayo Clinic with GSD type 1b who developed FAB M2 AML at the age of 4 years, who died of complications of malignant hyperthermia.14 Pinsk et al. reported a girl who was treated with G-CSF for 6 years, prior to developing FAB M4 AML at the age of 13 years followed by death from cardiac complications.12 Cytogenetic analysis showed one of 4 cells carrying a 47 XX+10 karyotype. A third case was reported in a 28-year-old male with GSD type 1b on G-CSF treatment for 14 years prior to developing AML with monosomy 7 and a t(3;8)(q26;24) translocation.13 He was treated with 5-azacytidine, and was alive at the time of report, with anticipated plans for allogeneic matched sibling HSCT.
The favorable prognostic value of the loss of sex chromosomes in patients with t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia: an exploratory study
Published in Hematology, 2022
Lixia Zhu, Rongrong Chen, Xueying Li, Mixue Xie, Xiudi Yang, Jianai Sun, Mingyu Zhu, Xiaolong Zheng, Li Li, Jingjing Zhu, De Zhou, Wanzhuo Xie, Xiujin Ye
The t(8;21)(q22;q22) is one of the common translocations identified in de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML), occurring in nearly 40% of cases of FAB-M2 AML and 8% to 20% of all cases of AML [1,2]. There is considerable clinical and biological heterogeneity within these patients. AML with t(8;21) is recognized as a unique entity with high complete remission (CR) rates after chemotherapy and favorable prognosis [3]. However, some patients still show poor prognosis, and the relapse incidence of this group reaches up to 30–40% [4,5].