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Overview of Traditional Methods of Diagnosis and Treatment for Women-Associated Cancers
Published in Shazia Rashid, Ankur Saxena, Sabia Rashid, Latest Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of Women-Associated Cancers, 2022
Malika Ranjan, Namyaa Kumar, Safiya Arfi, Shazia Rashid
Breast cancer is the type of cancer originating from the cell lining of the milk-forming ducts of the breast (ductal carcinoma) or from lobules in the glandular tissue of the breast (lobular carcinoma). Breast cancer has several subtypes based on the expression level of the receptors such as progesterone, estrogen and HER-2/neu (human epidermal growth factor receptor), and are classified into three groups [14]: Hormone receptor (estrogen and progesterone) sensitive (ER+ or PR+).Human epidermal growth factor–sensitive (HER2+).Triple-negative breast cancer (ER−, PR−, HER2−).The main factors that influence the risk for breast cancer in women include old age, genetic mutations, reproductive history, personal history of breast/ovarian cancer or any non-cancerous breast diseases, previous treatment involving radiation therapy and other lifestyle factors (diet, weight, alcohol consumption). Thus, regular screening mammography at the age of 40 and above might reduce the risk of breast cancer mortality in average-risk women.
Survival Analysis
Published in Trevor F. Cox, Medical Statistics for Cancer Studies, 2022
The trial was essentially two trials in one – the first for ductal carcinoma which would recruit patients faster and report results earlier, the second for peri-ampullary carcinoma where it would take much longer to recruit patients. The primary outcome for both sub-trials was overall survival, OS. For the ductal carcinoma, the secondary outcomes were: toxicity, quality of life, two year survival, five year survival and relapse free survival. For the peri-ampullary carcinoma, the secondary outcomes were: toxicity, quality of life, four year survival and relapse free survival. See Neoptolemos[44] for further details.
Breast cancer
Published in Peter Hoskin, Peter Ostler, Clinical Oncology, 2020
This comprises radiographic examination of the breasts using low-energy x-rays to allow definition of the soft-tissue detail and breast architecture. Two views are taken of each breast, usually in craniocaudal and oblique projections. These may substantiate the clinical diagnosis of carcinoma, detect ductal carcinoma in situ in both the affected and contralateral breasts and localize the tumour, to assist the planning of a biopsy or definitive surgical procedure. Carcinoma is suggested by an irregular mass lesion containing areas of microcalcification, sometimes with distortion of the surrounding breast architecture (Figure 8.12).
Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Obesity-Associated Cancer in the Women’s Health Initiative
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Tarah J. Ballinger, Zora Djuric, Sagar Sardesai, Kathleen M. Hovey, Chris A. Andrews, Theodore M. Brasky, Jian Ting Zhang, Thomas E Rohan, Nazmus Saquib, Aladdin H. Shadyab, Michael Simon, Jean Wactawski-Wende, Robert Wallace, Ikuko Kato
During an average follow-up period of 14.1 years after the year 3 survey, 9186 newly diagnosed breast, 2280 newly diagnosed colorectal, and 1231 newly diagnosed endometrial cancer cases were ascertained. The risk of breast cancer did not differ by overall use of PPI or H2RA (Table 2). There were 1688 ductal carcinoma in situ cases (DCIS) among the total 9186 breast cancer cases; however, exclusion of the DCIS cases did not change these associations. Further, combining both invasive and in situ cases, we carried out analyses stratified by hormone receptor status (Supplementary material, Table 2). There were 7102 hormone receptor positive, 1077 hormone receptor negative, and 1007 hormone receptor status unclassifiable cases. PPI use was not associated with the risk of any hormone receptor subtype, while a decreased risk in H2RA ever users was seen for hormone receptor status unclassifiable breast cancer (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.56–0.96).
A retrospective study comparing different injection approaches of 5-aminolevulinic acid in patients with non-melanoma skin cancer
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Weihong Zhao, Jun Wang, Ying Zhang, Baoyong Zheng
Being a retrospective study, the number of patients enrolled in the study was small. Personal history has limited data, for example, immunosuppressive therapy has a significant effect over cancer therapy (6). Treatment efficacy: 69% had a complete response, however, a 6-months follow up is very short. Additional time of follow-up may predict more factors for recurrence (17). It is recommended 12–24 months of follow up, this will be better true efficacy of such treatment. Clinical application of each therapy excluding no, or partial response and recurrence data is required to conclude the study. Most women with Paget disease of the breast also have one or more tumors inside the same breast. These breast tumors are either ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive breast cancer. The status of these women was not reported. The higher the inflammation (pain) of the treatments, the higher the success rate is expected. In this case, the needle-free injection patients had the highest efficacy, the post-treatment inflammation was expected to be higher. The study did not report such a response. The current study has involved a significant number of patients. Academically, the study design is interesting comparing 3 different delivery methods for 5-Aminolevuliniv acid transdermally but clinically, there will be no impact. According to the results of treatment response at 15-days after completion of all cycles, the complete response from each method is 65% (conventional), 66% (plum-blossom needle, and 77% (needle-free), which is hard to take this further for an actionable outcome.
Docetaxel-induced acute myositis: a case report with review of literature
Published in Journal of Chemotherapy, 2021
Sariya Wongsaengsak, Miguel Quirch, Somedeb Ball, Anita Sultan, Nusrat Jahan, Mohamed Elmassry, Shabnam Rehman
A 49-year-old Hispanic female was diagnosed with poorly differentiated invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast (cT1N2aM0, stage IIIA) with positive estrogen receptor (11%), positive human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER-2), and negative progesterone receptor expression. After evaluation, the patient was planned to start six cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with TCHP (Docetaxel, Carboplatin, Trastuzumab, and Pertuzumab every 3 weeks), followed by surgery and postoperative adjuvant therapy as appropriate per the final pathology results. The patient tolerated the 1st and 2nd cycles of chemotherapy well, except for mild watery diarrhea with one episode of urinary tract infection, which was successfully treated with levofloxacin for 5 days. One week after the 3rd cycle of chemotherapy, the patient presented to the Emergency Department with 4 days of severe worsening bilateral thigh pain. The pain was severely aching in nature and worsened with movement. It was associated with progressive swelling, warm sensation, and muscle weakness. The patient denied joint pain or skin lesions. Her other medical history included uncontrolled insulin-dependent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Physical examination demonstrated tense swelling over both thighs, with weakness of proximal muscles of both lower extremities (power −4/5). The rest of the neurological exam showed normal sensation and deep tendon reflexes, with no muscle fasciculations.