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Sunderland
Published in R.J. Morris, Cholera 1832, 1976
Sunderland had prepared itself as conscientiously as any place in the kingdom. On 18 June 1831, during the first cholera scare occasioned by the gazetting of the Central Board of Health, Sunderland had formed a Board of Health. The chief magistrate was in the chair, but most of the work of the Board was done by its medical committee, which elected Dr Reid Clanny as chairman. He was the leader of the medical profession in the town, for he was senior physician at Sunderland General Infirmary. By 1830 most big towns had their general infirmary and several other hospitals, all supported by voluntary subscriptions; the senior medical posts, physicians and surgeons were all honorary, held by the leading practitioners in the town, elected by the subscribers. These posts were much prized by medical men. The reputation they brought assured the holder of an extensive practice among the wealthiest, highest fee-paying members of the local population. William Reid Clanny was an ex-naval surgeon who had qualified as a physician in Edinburgh. He was well known as the inventor of a locally used miner’s safety lamp, and used his authority in Sunderland with great responsibility and coolness. He shared all the social prejudices, pressures and medical ignorance of his colleagues and yet refused to be panicked by the confusion at the end of October.
Development of mining workwear with high ergonomic performance fabrics based on the modular design concept
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2023
The visibility test was performed to examine the performance of reflective straps. A male wearing the prototype stood still in complete darkness. A mining safety lamp directly illuminated the overall body at a distance of 50 m. Then, the front and back images of the overall body were taken by a digital camera beside the lamp. The reflective material reflected the light and showed the silhouette of wearers.