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Quantification in Emission Tomography
Published in Michael Ljungberg, Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging for Physicists, 2022
Brian F. Hutton, Kjell Erlandsson, Kris Thielemans
However, these methods cannot completely recover the true distribution, as the highest frequency components are not present. Furthermore, they will typically result in noise-amplification, and therefore need to be combined with some kind of noise-control or noise-reduction strategy. Another effect can be the introduction of ringing artefacts around sharp edges in the image, so called Gibbs artefacts.
Case studies (2006–2020)
Published in Stephen Verderber, Ben J. Refuerzo, Innovations in Hospice Architecture, 2019
Stephen Verderber, Ben J. Refuerzo
The fenestration pattern consists of full-length vertical windows on three sides, with color-accented window screen treatments. In addition, windows have bottom glass panes imprinted with traditional ornamental motifs, inspired by the work of the renowned Slovene architect Joze Plecnik’s (1872–1957). In referencing Plecnik, especially his design of the Slovene National Library, the hospice consciously references local cultural traditions. The hospice, being a virtual square, has a similarly configured internal circulation core which vertically feeds spaces on each level for social interaction. The staircase connecting the common areas on all floors revolves around the circulation core. Rooms are configured and appointed in accord with the needs of the terminally ill with major emphasis on acoustical (noise) control and privacy.
Head and neck
Published in Ian Greaves, Military Medicine in Iraq and Afghanistan, 2018
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a well-recognised health problem in the UK Armed Forces. According to Defence statistics,177,178 more than 300 regular Armed Forces personnel were medically discharged between 2008 and 2013 with a principal or contributing condition of hearing loss. At the same time, 3530 personnel were recorded as having impaired hearing (H3) and a further 630 personnel recorded as having poor hearing (H4), of which 470 (1.3%) and 90 (1.4%), respectively, were attributed to NIHL. This represents a significant health burden to the UK Armed Forces but also has personal, psychological, social and wider economic implications.179–181 In the United Kingdom, hearing protection is enshrined in law as the Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005.182 The Regulations define an ‘upper exposure action value’ as a C-weighted peak sound pressure of 137 dB, a level that is exceeded by virtually all modern weapon systems and the soundscape inherent to the combat environment.183,184 Employers are required to reduce the risk of hearing loss by limiting noise exposure where possible and taking steps that are ‘reasonably practicable’ to mitigate injury if the upper exposure thresholds are likely to be violated. At the same time, employees have an obligation to make use of any noise-control measures provided by their employer. The Ministry of Defence has complied with these Regulations by providing Personal Hearing Protection (PHP) systems and mandating their use in both training and combat operations.176
Pre-employment hearing threshold levels of 59,601 Australian male coal miners compared to an otologically normal international male population (ISO7029:2019)
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2023
Adelle Liebenberg, Valerie M. Nie, Alan M. Brichta, Sima Ahmadi, Carole L. James
The evidence of HL in coal miners (Liebenberg et al., 2021) and the differences in hearing identified in this comparison between the ISO population and the mining population, provide the Australian mining industry with evidence to support a thorough review of their noise mitigation and control strategies. In the State of NSW (Australia), there is a duty of care under the national Work Health and Safety Statutory obligations to implement controls for workers which aim to protect workers’ hearing and with the intent of preventing further deterioration in their hearing. The findings of this study are specific to mining; however, they may be transferrable to other noisy industries as well. There is a need for further investigation into the impact of comorbidities on hearing conservation, and into targeted noise control strategies for workers with evidence of early onset HL.
Hearing threshold levels of Australian coal mine workers: a retrospective cross-sectional study of 64196 audiograms
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2021
Adelle Liebenberg, Alan M. Brichta, Valerie M. Nie, Sima Ahmadi, Carole L. James
In the current study, the lower (better) HTL findings in cohort 3 compared with cohort 2, may result from advances in management strategies for noise control and hearing conservation. Improvements in noise control and hearing protection have been driven by legislative requirements, advances in engineering practices and hearing protection devices, and increased awareness of the impact of noise exposure on hearing health. Many effective community hearing loss prevention programs have been developed, including programs for the general public, children and young adults such as Dangerous Decibels (Dangerous Decibels. Dangerous Decibels [Internet] 2019) in the United States, and Australian programs such as the Sonic Silence exhibit, Cheers for Ears, Getting Heard and Hear Today, Hear Tomorrow (Hearing Services 2015). Workplaces have also developed targeted Hearing Conservation Programs (HCPs) for their workers. In Australia, the development of these HCPs are guided by the Code of Practice for managing noise and preventing hearing loss at work (Safe Work Australia 2011; Griest, Folmer, and Martin 2007; Davies, Marion, and Teschke 2008) found these type of programs are effective in changing behaviours and attitudes of the community and workers towards hearing loss prevention, whereas two systematics reviews, Verbeek et al. (2012) and Khan, Bielko, and McCullagh (2018), found the evidence to be inconclusive.
An amazing 10-year collection of hearing loss prevention supplements by the National Hearing Conservation Association
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2020
Thais C. Morata, Deanna K. Meinke
In examining the body of work captured in this 10-year supplement collection, some trends were noted. First, the need for early identification and intervention for noise-induced hearing loss is highlighted in several papers that considered the risk of noise-induced hearing loss in youth and young adults (in the supplements of 2011, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018) and others that provided evidence-based intervention outcomes in this population (2012, 2014). These manuscripts provide further support for expanding the focus of hearing loss prevention beyond the workplace. A second trend reveals the overdue recognition of the need to extend hearing loss prevention activities and strategies towards workers that are not traditionally considered in typical workplace hearing loss prevention programmes. In particular, readers will find papers which covered those who are exposed to music as part of their profession or recreation (2011, 2015, 2018), construction workers (2011), and workers in sports or entertainment venues (2013, 2016, 2017, 2018). In the current supplement, a paper by Stumpf et al. describes the extreme noise exposures of sugar cane mill workers, obtained by personal noise exposure measurements conducted in Guatemala. It also provides valuable insight towards noise control and other hearing loss measures to be tailored to this population. This supplement then takes us from Guatemala to space; and we learn about the noise dosimetry measurements on the International Space Station, a key element for the success of NASA’s hearing loss prevention initiatives.