China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Practical and Theoretical Considerations
Published in Brian J. Lukey, James A. Romano, Salem Harry, Chemical Warfare Agents, 2019
For any agency, public or private, to use respirators not certified as NIOSH CBRN approved in such rescue operations would be opening up an entirely new area of liability and litigation should physiological, psychological, or medical harm befall the rescuer immediately following the event or in the future. Manufacturers of PPE equipment must submit multiple pieces of identical equipment to NIOSH for testing, along with a substantial testing fee, when seeking NIOSH CBRN respirator approval. This approval testing is supervised and conducted by The National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. This organization maintains its own website at www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/default.html. This site includes, but is not limited to, access to 42 CFR Part 84 (Federal Respiratory Regulations), a listing of CBRN-approved respirators, standard testing procedures, the CBRN standards for equipment certification, an interactive training site, a respirator selection logic site, and respiratory user notices (including changing standards, revocation of approval, etc.) and guidance documents. This site represents one-stop shopping and an absolute must Internet address for anyone seriously interested in CBRN PPE standards and certified equipment. Please consult Table 17.7A for “Relevant Governmental Regulatory Standards, Websites, and Publications for Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)”, and Table 17.7B for “Relevant Non-Governmental Non-Regulatory Standards, Websites, and Publications for Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).” In updating this chapter for the Third Edition, I noticed that this document still carries a January 2005 date (apparently not updated), and the pdf version is still at the same URL location; additionally, an html edition is available at www.osha.gov/dts/osta/bestpractices/html/hospital_firstreceivers.html.
US Rules, Regulations, and Standards for Protective Gloves for Occupational Use
Published in Robert N. Phalen, Howard I. Maibach, Protective Gloves for Occupational Use, 2023
In the United States, rules and regulations for occupational use of gloves in the general industry are enforced by OSHA. Specific rules for the construction industry, agricultural, marine, forestry, and mining industries are under their jurisdiction. NIOSH is another organization that is responsible for the research and development and evaluation of protective clothing materials. They have a National Personal Protective Clothing and Research Laboratory (NPPTL) in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, responsible for testing the safety of gloves and suits in the workplace. Another organization composed of industrial hygienists, the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) has a technical committee on protective clothing and equipment. This committee is very active in publishing, training, and developing best practices for using and selecting gloves and suits in the workplace. For a complete view of current practices and standards for gloves and test methods, one should read two articles published in the November 2019 issue of the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene.5,6 The articles compare various standards for testing, identify research gaps, and even discuss the value of whole glove testing and simulated movement. The authors state that the ASTM F739 and the original 1-inch test cell should be the primary permeation test cell for all standards. They also recommend the harmonization among standards, especially in the determination of normalized breakthrough time and steady-state permeation rate. These two parameters are used to compare the performance of the gloves for resistance to hazardous chemicals to continuous liquid contact and/or intermittent (splash) exposures. It is believed that harmonization and further improvement will likely simplify the selection of gloves and chemical protective suits, help expand existing databases, and instill more confidence among users. Ultimately, it will help reduce the number of injuries, illnesses, diseases, and deaths in the workplace environment.
Intersegmental differences in facial warmth sensitivity during rest, passive heat and exercise
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2019
Jung-Hyun Kim, Yongsuk Seo, Tyler Quinn, Patrick Yorio, Raymond Roberge
Twelve healthy, nonsmoking men (age: 22 ± 2 years, height: 182.1 ± 9.2 cm, weight: 77.1 ± 9.6 kg, body mass index: 23.3 ± 2.3 kg·m2, VO2max: 56.1 ± 7.9 ml·kg·min−1) were recruited from the general population. Subjects underwent a medical screening by a licensed physician and also performed a maximal graded exercise test to assess potential underlying cardiac abnormalities and aerobic fitness. All mandatory laboratory health and safety procedures have been complied with in the course of conducting all experimental work reported in this study, and the study protocol was reviewed and approved by the NIOSH Institutional Review Board (IRB) (protocol# HSRB-10-NPPTL-02). Written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to study participation that allowed for the inclusion of material pertaining to themselves, acknowledgement that they cannot be identified via this article, and that they have been fully anonymized.
Facial anthropometric measurements in Iranian male workers using Digimizer version 4.1.1.0 image analysis software: a pilot study
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2018
Elham Salvarzi, Alireza Choobineh, Mehdi Jahangiri, Sareh Keshavarzi
Using anthropometric data gathered during the 2003 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) survey, parameters for new head forms in five size categories were developed by the National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory of NIOSH. Three-dimensional (3D) scans of five individuals who most closely represented a given size category were averaged together. The resulting models included facial features not found on the current standard head forms. Five distinct sizes (small, medium, large, long/narrow and short/wide) of the digital 3D head forms have been created regarding the overall size and shape of the face. The NIOSH head forms are symmetric and represent the facial size and shape distribution of the current US respirator users. These head forms have been presented in Standard No. ISO/TS 16976-2:2015 [12].