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Treatment of Myofascial Pain Syndromes
Published in Mark V. Boswell, B. Eliot Cole, Weiner's Pain Management, 2005
Robert D. Gerwin, Jan Dommerholt
Certain jobs and work-related activities are associated with an increased risk of developing cumulative trauma disorders or work-related musculoskeletal disorders (Kuorinka & Forcier, 1995). In certain instances, MPS may be associated with work exposures (Grosshandler & Burney, 1979). In the ergonomics literature, the term tension neck syndrome is preferred over MPS (Viikari-Juntura, 1983). Ergonomics is a broad profession and incorporates knowledge from anatomy, physiology, and psychology. More specifically, ergonomics includes anthropometry and biomechanics, work and environmental physiology, and skill and occupational psychology (Singleton, 1972). Thompson (1991) defines ergonomics as “the application of the human physical and behavioral sciences together with the engineering sciences in the study of humans working with machines and tools.” Ergonomics is based on the so-called human–machine system. In designing the ideal human–machine system, ergonomics recognizes four strategies, namely, stress reduction, machine and task design, match between the job demands and human abilities, and education and training (Ayoub, 1994; Khalil et al., 1993). Pheasant (1991) summarizes the field as “the science of matching the job to the worker and the product to the user.”
Research on effective recognition of alarm signals in a human–machine system based on cognitive neural experiments
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2023
Yun Teng, Yuwei Sun, Xinlin Chen, Mei Zhang
In the human–machine system, there is a ‘surface’ of interaction between human and machine, and all human–machine information exchanges occur on this surface, which is usually called the human–machine interface. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the problem of the human–computer interface has attracted people’s attention. Many major safety accidents are caused by improper human–machine interface design. Many experiences and lessons have shown that unreasonable human–machine interface design will lead to operator errors and reduce system operation. It can even cause major accidents and cause physical or psychological damage to operators. Many occupational diseases also stem from unreasonable operating environments or work postures [5,6]. Wiggles Worth [7] proposed a human error accident model based on human information processing in 1972. Human error in response to alarm signals is caused by human error in response to stimulus information. Human error is the basis of all types of accidents. Human error means that a person responds to an external stimulus incorrectly or inappropriately. In the process of production operation, all kinds of information constantly act on the operator’s senses and stimulate the operator. If the operator can make a correct response to the stimulus, the accident will not occur. If the operator makes a wrong or improper response, there will be danger [8,9]. The highly automated human–machine interface requires humans to quickly and accurately perceive and recognize visual, auditory and tactile signals. However, the transition from performing tasks to monitoring tasks inhibits the ability of humans to detect key signals and detect warning signals, resulting in human cognitive load increases.