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Wound care
Published in Tor Wo Chiu, Stone’s Plastic Surgery Facts, 2018
Typically a painless (unless infected) ulcer over medial malleolus (gaiter area – a gaiter being a protective item that covers the ankle to the instep area. They also cover the lower trouser, differentiating them from spats). Aching and swelling at the end of the day are improved by elevation.
Diagnostic algorithm for telangiectasia, varicose veins, and venous ulcers: Current guidelines
Published in Peter Gloviczki, Michael C. Dalsing, Bo Eklöf, Fedor Lurie, Thomas W. Wakefield, Monika L. Gloviczki, Handbook of Venous and Lymphatic Disorders, 2017
The physical examination should take place in a warm, well-illuminated room with the patient in the standing position. With the patient’s legs completely disrobed, careful inspection is carried out and patterns of telangiectasia, reticular veins, and varicose veins are noted. Clusters of telangiectasias can appear as skin blemishes or venous lakes. Often they are present in the lateral, posterior thigh, and popliteal fossa. Calf and thigh measurements should be performed. These help reveal more subtle problems with edema that may not be detected with simple visual assessment. Additionally, inspection for other, more serious signs of CVD in the gaiter area is performed. These include dermatitis, hyperpigmentation, malleolar flair, lipodermatosclerosis, cellulitis, atrophie blanche, corona phlebectatica, and evidence of healed or active ulceration. Location, size, depth, color, and number of ulcerations should be noted. The presence of an underlying congenital arteriovenous or venous malformation may be revealed by the presence of a well-demarcated, purplish pigmented area of the skin (port wine stain) or limb hypertrophy. Inspection should also concentrate on the presence of scars, particularly in the distribution of previous vein stripping, harvest, and/or phlebectomy.8–11
The arteries, veins and lymphatics
Published in Kevin G Burnand, John Black, Steven A Corbett, William EG Thomas, Norman L Browse, Browse’s Introduction to the Symptoms & Signs of Surgical Disease, 2014
Kevin G Burnand, John Black, Steven A Corbett, William EG Thomas, Norman L Browse
The skin of the lower medial third of the leg, the gaiter region, must be carefully inspected. Venous hypertension caused by venous outflow obstruction or severe reflux may cause an area of skin pigmentation, tenderness and subcutaneous induration, called lipodermatosclerosis, and eventually eczema and ulceration (Fig. 10.34).
Exploring the factors that influence stakeholders’ expectations and subsequent perception of lower limb orthopaedic surgical outcomes for ambulant children with cerebral palsy – a qualitative study
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2023
Hajar Almoajil, Tim Theologis, Helen Dawes, Jo Pierce, Andrew Meaney, Aziz Baklouti, Lara Poverini, Sally Hopewell, Francine Toye
there was quite a bit of emphasis on I guess straight leg, having my legs straight and keeping them open. Because I had to wear gaiters for a long time to try and keep my legs straighter (CH06, 15 y, GMFCS II)