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Quality and Safety Management
Published in W. P. M. Mayles, A. E. Nahum, J.-C. Rosenwald, Handbook of Radiotherapy Physics, 2021
W. P. M. Mayles, David Thwaites, J.-C. Rosenwald
In all documents or reports pertaining to safety in radiotherapy, there are a number of recommendations for the prevention of mistakes or accidents (e.g. ICRP 2000, 2009; WHO 2008; 2008a; ASN 2009; ASTRO 2012; AAPM 2016). The solutions belong to one or several of the following categories, which form the basis of a general quality management system as depicted in Figure 45.1: Better definition of procedures, responsibilities, organisational schemes and communication, everything being based on written documentation* and formal validation with signatures;Strengthening of quality checks and safety checks of equipment according to well-documented procedures;Setting up barriers, interlocks and redundant safety layers (defence in depth);Emphasis on education and training (both general and specific);Conducting internal and external audits.
Cyberattack Mitigations During the Pandemic
Published in Kenneth Okereafor, Cybersecurity in the COVID-19 Pandemic, 2021
A defense in-depth Cybersecurity model is the simultaneous application of several control measures to a single-valued asset to optimize efficacy. The control measures make up the defense in-depth approach work in a complementary manner, ensuring that at any time the asset is safeguarded by two or more layers of protection for maximum security.
The influence of team workload on team performance in the light of task complexity: a study of nuclear fire brigades
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2023
Veronika Klara Takacs, Marta Juhasz
Even less is known about the teamwork of ‘facility fire brigades’ as teams with a very specific, but crucial, service to provide. Facility fire brigades can be described as privately owned first responders who provide emergency service exclusively to one specific organization, such as nuclear power plants. Their job is to respond to fire alarms and medical emergencies on the plant site, to protect life and property as well as to participate in fire prevention and training. Once an unexpected situation occurs, team members are expected to complete different subtasks simultaneously and switch back and forth between different elements of the task [7]. In addition, when facing an unexpected event, teams are usually expected to interpret information from multiple sources and make decisions under non-routine, time-pressured, high-workload conditions [8]. While nuclear fire brigades show obvious similarities with municipal firefighters, there are some important differences that make their job unique (e.g., specific knowledge, equipment, rules and protocols, etc.), from which the most remarkable is the frequency and probability of real emergency situations to occur. Due to the application of the ‘defense in depth’ principle in fire safety of nuclear power plants [9], the probability of serious emergency situations is very low, meaning that nuclear fire brigades face a tremendous amount of stress and workload relatively rarely compared to municipal professionals.