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Testing of Protective Effect against Liquid Chemicals
Published in Robert N. Phalen, Howard I. Maibach, Protective Gloves for Occupational Use, 2023
Even if there are regulations with demands on the use and/or proven efficacy of protective gloves, they do not cover all possible situations that can arise. However, there are several methods for testing the resistance to chemicals of polymeric materials used in chemical protective clothing and gloves. First, a few definitions:Degradation is defined as a deleterious change in one or more physical properties of a protective clothing material due to contact with a chemical.1Permeation is usually defined as the process by which a chemical migrates through the protective clothing material on a molecular level. The permeation process involves three stages: (1) sorption of molecules of the chemical into the outside surface of the material, (2) diffusion of the sorbed molecules through the material, and (3) desorption of the molecules from the inside surface of the material into the collecting medium.1–3Penetration is usually defined as the flow of a chemical through closures, porous materials, seams, pinholes, or other imperfections in a protective clothing material on a nonmolecular level.1Protective clothing material is defined as any material or combination of materials used in an item of clothing to isolate parts of the body from direct contact with a potentially hazardous chemical.1Protective glove material is defined as any material or combination of material used in a glove to isolate the hands and arms from direct contact with a chemical and/or microorganism.2
Effects of personal protective clothing on firefighters’ gait analyzed using a three-dimensional motion capture system
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2023
Jikun Liu, Yiming Huang, Yiwen Zhang, Xingming Wang, Jie Yang
To test different types of PPC, each participant completed trials in the order of Latin square design, and their T-shirts (spandex), underwear (cotton), socks (cotton) and shorts (polyester) were identical in all four trials. Moreover, the participants wore their sports shoes during the CON trials. The PPC used in this study is widely used by Chinese firefighters. Firefighter protective clothing (FPC) (ZFMH-LWSA; Qingdao Labor Bodyguard Co., Ltd, China) consists of a fireproof layer, breathable layer, heat insulation layer and comfort layer, which are made of aramid, polytetrafluoroethylene, aramid and aramid, respectively, with a mass of 7.9 kg. Semi-enclosed chemical protective clothing (CPC_semi) (FHLWS-001; Qingdao Labor Bodyguard Co., Ltd, China) and fully enclosed chemical protective clothing (CPC_full) (FHLWS-002; Qingdao Labor Bodyguard Co., Ltd, China) are one-piece chemical protective clothing (CPC) (including gloves and boots) made of double-layer polyvinyl chloride-coated aramid, and their masses are 5.7 and 6.3 kg, respectively; the chemical protection grades (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) are A and B, respectively. Moreover, the participants wore self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) (KH-LWS-001; Qingdao Labor Bodyguard Co., Ltd, China) in the PPC trials, with a mass of 7.3 kg (Table 1). When using CPC_full, participants carried SCBA in the gap between the CPC_full and CON (Figure 1).
A comprehensive review of treatments for hydrogen sulfide poisoning: past, present, and future
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2023
Cristina Santana Maldonado, Abigail Weir, Wilson K. Rumbeiha
The hot zone is defined as the point of exposure in which victims typically experience ‘knockdown’. Rescuers are required to wear proper protective equipment, including respiratory protection, to protect themselves from intoxication. Chemical-protective clothing may be worn to avoid direct contact with liquefied gas as it can cause frostbite. Victims should be quickly moved from the hot zone to the decontamination zone to avoid further exposure.