China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Religious Aspects and Medicinal Uses of Salvadora persica (Miswak)
Published in Mehwish Iqbal, Complementary and Alternative Medicinal Approaches for Enhancing Immunity, 2023
Another intended antimicrobial mechanism for miswak is the extended release of plant chemicals, i.e. β-Sitosterol, which have the prospective to subdue bacterial genotoxic substances accumulated on the teeth (Abhary & Al-Hazmi, 2016). Another study has established that when Salvadora persica is integrated with antibiotic drugs, it has a synergistic antimicrobial activity, revealing its function in microbial resistance repression (Saquib et al., 2019). All consequences demonstrated an extremely efficient bactericidal and inhibitory outcome of miswak extract on the experimented periodontal infectious agents, such as Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia. The antimicrobial activity was stated to be in a dose- or time-reliant way with greater effects straight after the application of Salvadora persica (Albabtain et al., 2017), was found more effective in natural solvent extracts in contrast with aqueous extracts (Al-sieni, 2014; Saquib et al., 2019; Siddeeqh et al., 2016) and consisted of a coactive mechanism. It reported a greater sensitivity of miswak extract against gram-negative bacterial agents, particularly Porphyromonas gingivalis, as a predominant causative agent of periodontal disorder (Rafiei et al., 2017).
Commensal Flora
Published in Firza Alexander Gronthoud, Practical Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2020
Poor dental hygiene is a risk factor for periodontitis involving bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans has been linked to highly aggressive periodontitis. Transient bacterial translocation from oropharynx into the bloodstream is common. Poor dental hygiene and dental procedures are known contributors. Although often asymptomatic, in the presence of an abnormal heart valve, such bacteraemia can cause endocarditis. Common causes of endocarditis are viridans streptococci and bacteria from the HACEK group, all of which are part of the oropharyngeal commensal flora.
Bacterial Infections of the Oral Cavity
Published in K. Balamurugan, U. Prithika, Pocket Guide to Bacterial Infections, 2019
P. S. Manoharan, Praveen Rajesh
The relationship of microorganism to the disease is not clearly understood because there are number of other criteria related such as association, elimination, response of the host, virulence factors, animal model studies, and assessment of risk. All these criteria put together contribute to the “weight of evidence” and would lead to specific diagnosis. The consensus report from World Workshop in Periodontology have concluded that A. actinomycetemcomitans and Tannerella forsythia as periodontal pathogens. Classification of all the types of periodontal diseases was also put forth (Armitage, 1999). Table 7.1 shows the weight of evidence for the three common periodontal pathogens mentioned above (Lindhe et al., 2008).
A mouthwash formulated with o-cymen-5-ol and zinc chloride specifically targets potential pathogens without impairing the native oral microbiome in healthy individuals
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2023
Javier Pascual, Javier Mira Otal, Daniel Torrent-Silla, Manuel Porcar, Cristina Vilanova, Fernando Vivancos Cuadras
Tannerella, and more specifically Tannerella forsythia, is a well-known periodontal pathogen that also can lead to severe systemic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and even oesophageal cancer [50,51]. This bacterium is one of the three constituents, along with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola, of the so-called ‘red complex’ in severe periodontal infections. Another genus that specifically decreased its relative abundance in the mouthwash-treated group was Actinomyces, which is part of the healthy oral microbiome; however, under a disruption of the environmental balance, mucosal tissue integrity or defense system, it can turn into a pathogen, initiating a prolonged chronic inflammatory process that can lead to the creation of a tumor-like mass, tissue destruction, osteolysis and multiple sinus tracts [52,53]. On the other hand, both Granulicatella and Abiotrophia are pathobionts of the human mouth linked to endocarditis and pulmonary, central nervous system and ocular infections [54]. As for the Lautropia genus, a recent study has shown that the species L. mirabilis may be the etiological agent of dialysis-associated peritonitis [55]. Additionally, the increase in the abundance of Lachnoanaerobaculum genus has also been associated to periodontal diseases [56]. However, Leptotrichia and Corynebacterium genera, which were also found to be less abundant after the mouthwash treatment, have proved negatively associated with periodontal clinical parameters [56,57].
The human gut microbiota contributes to type-2 diabetes non-resolution 5-years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Jean Debédat, Tiphaine Le Roy, Lise Voland, Eugeni Belda, Rohia Alili, Solia Adriouch, Pierre Bel Lassen, Kazuyuki Kasahara, Evan Hutchison, Laurent Genser, Licia Torres, Camille Gamblin, Christine Rouault, Jean-Daniel Zucker, Nathalie Kapel, Christine Poitou, Geneviève Marcelin, Federico E. Rey, Judith Aron-Wisnewsky, Karine Clément
Subsequently, we projected the n = 36 patients from the independent baseline cohort on the PCA built on our 5-years cohort (see Methods and Fig. S8A) to identify their preoperative T2D severity cluster. By studying their GM, we found that the important increase in Bacteroidia was already present pre-RYGB in Severe patients (Fig. S8B). Tannerella forsythia was also enriched in Preop-Severe patients (Fig. S8C). Of note, we did not evidence any difference in the number of observed species nor diversity indexes according to 5-years T2D severity clusters (Fig. S9A-G), although most significantly increased after RYGB (Fig. S9H-N), as previously reported.6
Antimicrobial effects of terpinen-4-ol against oral pathogens and its capacity for the modulation of gene expression
Published in Biofouling, 2018
Ester Alves Ferreira Bordini, Caroline Coradi Tonon, Renata Serignoli Francisconi, Fernando Augusto Cintra Magalhães, Patrícia Milagros Maquera Huacho, Telma Lombardo Bedran, Sebastião Pratavieira, Luis Carlos Spolidorio, Denise Palomari Spolidorio
Although Gbps do not possess enzymatic activities (Shah and Russell 2004), they are known to be involved in bacterial adhesion and accumulation (Bowen and Koo 2011). Once synthesized, glucan binds to a specific Gbps expressed on the surface of the S. mutans cells (Lynch et al. 2007). These glucans are critical to maintain the 3-D structure of biofilm over time (Banas and Vickerman 2003; Bowen and Koo 2011). In addition, Gbps may provide mechanical stability by tightly and stably binding the bacterial cells together and to the tooth surfaces, providing a supporting frame to develop biofilm (Koo et al. 2010). More specifically, in S. mutans, the gbpA gene is known to play a critical role in biofilm formation. The effect of Slps (s-layer proteins) on the adhesion of L. acidophilus enables these proteins to contribute to the inhibition of pathogenic bacterial adhesion, erosion and biofilm formation (Zhang et al. 2017). Aggregation and adhesion are complex processes involving several molecules present on the surface of the bacterial cell wall (Li et al. 2015). Several authors have reported the role of GbpA and SlpA in the capacity of bacteria to auto- or co-aggregate and to adhere to several matrices, including enamel and dentin, forming dental biofilm (Colombo et al. 2016; Palomino et al. 2016) and epithelial cells (Zhang et al. 2013). This study showed that gbpA and slpA were suppressed when S. mutans and L. acidophilus were cultivated for 15 min in the presence of terpinen-4-ol. However, gbpA and slpA were upregulated when in contact with terpinen-4-ol for more than 30 min, probably contributing to the increase in biofilms formed under this condition. Interestingly, when S. mutans and L. acidophilus were grown in the presence of CHX, there was an overexpression of gbpA and slpA after exposure for both 15 and 30 min. This is consistent with the results reported by Dong et al. (2012) who showed that genes related to stress responses were upregulated after exposure to antimicrobial agents, favoring biofilm formation. A similar relationship was also observed in Tannerella forsythia, an oral biofilm-forming bacterium (Lee et al. 2006). In these bacteria, the expression of SLP in cells growing in the biofilm was significantly higher than in the planktonic cells.