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Negative Contrast Myelography
Published in Milosh Perovitch, Radiological Evaluation of the Spinal Cord, 2019
The technique of gas myelography varies and depends to a greater extent on the personal experiences of the investigator and the radiographic equipment.47 Lindgren would use the lumbar puncture for the examination of the lumbosacral area removing about 30 cc of the spinal fluid in the horizontal position of the patient. Thereupon, the table was raised, and the instillation of warm gas was performed to the manometric pressure of 500 to 600 mm of water.25 In this way, the thoracic and lumbar areas were clearly outlined. If the examination of the whole length of the subarachnoid space was necessary, a suboccipital puncture was carried out, and about 50 cc or more of the spinal fluid was removed with the patient in the Trendelenburg position. The instillation of about 100 cc of gas followed the removal of the spinal fluid. Following either suboccipital or lumbar instillation of gas, it was necessary for the patient to remain in the Trendelenburg position for 24 hr or longer so that the penetration of air into the ventricles could be prevented. According to Lindgren, most of the gas was resorbed in the course of 24 to 48 hr following instillation. In the 1950s, we became acquainted with Professor Lindgren’s technique in his department at Serafimerlazarettet in Stockholm. This method combined with horizontal tomography, and occasionally with cinematography as described by Lilequist, provided good diagnostic results.45, 46 Feria and Ratberg in 1964 demonstrated that the instillation of gas could be efficiently performed via the lumbar puncture and thus abandoned Lindgren’s method.36 They injected gas into the subarachnoid space to the pressure of 550 to 600 mm of water. In this way, they obtained an adequate filling of the subarachnoid space and a good demonstration of the spinal cord on tomograms. The side-effects of the injection of gas were less pronounced than with the previously used techniques. Gauthier in 1963 described the technique of lumbar gas myelography combined with polytomography.48 In 1967, we abandoned Lindgren’s method and introduced a modified Gauthier’s technique.
Intraperitoneal cannabidiol attenuates neonatal germinal matrix hemorrhage-induced neuroinflamation and perilesional apoptosis
Published in Neurological Research, 2019
Timóteo Abrantes De Lacerda Almeida, Marcelo Volpon Santos, Luiza Da Silva Lopes, Gunjan Goel, Renato Leonardo De Freitas, Priscila De Medeiros, José Alexandre Crippa, Hélio Rubens Machado
At the end of the experiment, animals from each group were deeply anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of a 10% Ketamine and 10% Xilasin solution (at doses of 0.1 and 0.05 mg per 100 g of body weight). After placement in the surgical table, in dorsal decubitus, a large ‘Y’ incision was made in the chest of each animal, from the two distal ends of clavicle to the xiphoid process, and in the abdomen with a median xipho-pubic incision. With a 20-gauge needle (BD®), the tip of the left ventricle was punctured, and the needle was inserted into the aortic root, aspirating 0.1 ml of whole blood. After a small incision in the right atrium, cardiac perfusion was started with phosphate buffered saline (PBS), using the same blood withdrawal parameters, now with a 21-gauge needle (BD®), to a total volume of 1 ml/g of the animal’s weight using a peristaltic perfusion pump (Fisher Scientific®). In the animals whose tissues were sent for immunohistochemistry, perfusion with 3% paraformaldehyde solution after infusion with PBS was performed. After that, animals were decapitated, and their brains removed en bloc through a vertex craniectomy. For CSF collection, we proceeded to a suboccipital puncture, as described in the literature [27].