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Putting It All Together
Published in William Steele, Reducing Compassion Fatigue, Secondary Traumatic Stress and Burnout, 2019
When the workday is over, it is important to shut it down at a sensory level and then use a sensory cue to transition into life outside of work. By sensory cue I mean a sound, a visual, something tactile. Make this a daily practice. For example, pay attention to the feel and sound as you close your office door or as you close the car door to leave the parking lot or as you listen to a favorite song you’ve programed for the drive home. To actually transition to your non-work environment, your life outside of work, also focus on a sensory trigger that lets your nervous system know you are in hopefully a less stressful environment. That trigger may be hugging a loved one or petting your pet; maybe it’s when you put on your favorite slacks, jeans, sweats or go to the fridge for a favorite snack, some good old comfort food. Remember our nervous system often responds faster to sensory cues than cognitive cues although if a cognitive cue works for you, use it. Make these sensory transitions from work to home a daily routine as repetition rewires our brain; soon these transitions will become automatic.
Psychological Trauma
Published in Aruna Bakhru, Nutrition and Integrative Medicine, 2018
Conditions of intense sensory experience such as intense pleasure or pain underlie SDMLB. We are often transported back in time by a special song or the smell of perfume or aftershave that evokes in us the complexity of that personal historical memory. However, a sensory cue that triggers a traumatic memory may be overwhelming, intrusive, and painful. Recall that when Roger heard a car backfire, it brought back a state-bound memory of mortar fire. As one client who was violently beaten by her mother said to me, “When I walk into your office after your previous client, I get nauseous and feel like throwing up because she wears the same perfume as my mother.”
Limbic Cortico-Striato-Pallido-Pontine Substrates of Sensorimotor Gating in Animal Models and Psychiatric Disorders
Published in Peter W. Kalivas, Charles D. Barnes, Limbic Motor Circuits and Neuropsychiatry, 2019
Neal R. Swerdlow, David L. Braff, S. Barak Caine, Mark A. Geyer
Based on the neural substrates of startle gating discussed above, it is possible to speculate further about the psychological utility of mechanisms that modulate gating. There is substantial overlap between brain substrates that mediate sensorimotor gating in the rat and substrates that mediate endogenous goal-seeking or appetitive behaviors, including locomotor activity,79 rearing and sniffing80 and food hoarding,81 as well as reinforcement-seeking behaviors such as electrical brain stimulation82 and intravenous self-administration of psychostimulants.83 Specifically, drugs that facilitate appetitive behaviors—including DA agonists—generally disrupt startle gating, and drugs that impair the reinforcing or activating effects of DA agonists generally reverse the gating-disruptive effects of these drugs. There are some exceptions to this rule: heroin, which stimulates behavioral activation and potently sustains motivated behaviors,84,85 has no consistent effect on startle gating.25 Nonetheless, it is possible that the overlap in DAergic mechanisms of reinforcement and sensorimotor gating parallels a linkage of these processes at a psychological level. Thus, reduced sensorimotor gating during forebrain DA activation may modify the initiation and organization of appetitive behaviors by allowing increased amounts of sensory information to activate lower motor structures. The behavioral response to a salient sensory cue might normally be gated or suppressed by weak stimuli that occur within the preceding 500 msec period; increased mesolimbic DA activity reduces this gating, and the behavior directed by the more salient cue should be enhanced. Since cortical efferents to the ventral striatum originate primarily in the limbic cortex,34 the sensory information that may be most sensitive to this gating process should be of visceral or affective valence. Thus, the overlap in limbic-motor substrates of reinforcement and sensorimotor gating may provide the substrate by which changes in gating circuit activity ultimately regulate the extent to which particular appetitive cues elicit or shape goal-seeking behaviors. In other words, DA-linked reinforcing stimuli may become salient by disrupting normal gating processes that would otherwise suppress their ability to direct a behavioral response. Such a hypothesis yields several predictions that are easily testable in the laboratory, using behavioral measures that combine PPI and appetitive tasks.
The evaluation of gravitational recognition in patients with spinocerebellar degeneration using Listing’s plane
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2019
Takamori Takeda, Takuo Ikeda, Takeshi Tsutsumi
Regarding whether or not age-related degeneration of the neural integrator causes Listing’s plane to be thickened, Furman and Schor [8] reported that an increased age was associated with an increased thickness of Listing’s plane. However, our study failed to demonstrate any significant correlation between increased age and the thickness of Listing’s plane. This discrepancy might have been caused by differences in the methods used to measure the thickness of Listing’s plane. In Furman’s study, subjects were seated in a circular booth that could be tilted up to 30° from the vertical when the examination was performed, an approach that further stimulated three sensory apparatuses and violated Listing’s plane. In contrast, we did not load any additional sensory cue to the subjects, merely instructing them to focus on the 9 fixation points. This suggests that stimulative procedures for subjects may be required to detect age-associated thickening of Listing’s plane.
A short guide to insect oviposition: when, where and how to lay an egg
Published in Journal of Neurogenetics, 2019
Kevin M. Cury, Benjamin Prud’homme, Nicolas Gompel
Another mechanism that can enable diversification of behavior on evolutionary timescales relies not on peripheral changes but rather on the modification of how sensory inputs are processed centrally (Figure 1(C)). Such a phenomenon has been observed in neural circuits that regulate courtship behavior between two closely related species, D. melanogaster and D. simulans, and serves as a mechanism that reinforces reproductive isolation between the two species (Seeholzer, Seppo, Stern, & Ruta, 2018). Though the males of both species detect a pheromone specific to D. melanogaster females using homologous sensory neurons, whether the signal promotes (D. melanogaster) or suppresses (D. simulans) courtship is determined by species-specific alterations in the balance of excitation and inhibition in downstream relays onto the neurons that regulate courtship. Perhaps, as is the case here, more dramatic shifts in behavior with regards to a sensory cue, such as a change in valence from positive to negative, may invoke central modifications as opposed to peripheral ones.
Medical Art Therapy Research Moves Forward: A Review of Clay Manipulation With Parkinson’s Disease
Published in Art Therapy, 2018
Deborah L. Elkis-Abuhoff, Morgan Gaydos
The basal ganglia, which is the main region known to be damaged in PD, is also connected to sensory input and processing; thus, when dopaminergic neurons deplete there is a restriction in motor movements (Conte, Khan, Defazio, Rothwell, & Berardelli, 2013). PD research pertaining to motor deficits has suggested that sensory cues through visual or tactile inputs can help overcome specific PD motor symptoms, such as akinesia, muscle rigidity, and freezing gait (de Dreu, Kwakkel, & van Wegen, 2015; Patel, Jankovic, & Hallett, 2014; Sugiyama & Liew, 2017). The sensory cue acts as a stimulus to the brain with PD and can, in turn, relax rigid parts of the body through repetitive, soothing movements (de Dreu et al., 2015).