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Correlation of BDNF and cognitive function in smoking Batak male schizophrenic patients
Published in Cut Adeya Adella, Stem Cell Oncology, 2018
E. Effendy, M.M. Amin, N. Utami, F.H. Sitepu
Over two decades of research has highlighted the relationship of cognitive performance with the neurotrophins system. Neurotrophins are a unique family of polypeptide growth factors with similar structures that are involved in the process of brain development, differentiation and survival of neurons, synaptic plasticity, and connectivity. The neurotrophins comprise of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) (Bath et al., 2006). BDNF, a member of the neurotrophic family, is common in the mammalian brain and plays an important role in the development, regeneration, survival, maintenance, and function of the neuron (Zhang et al., 2015; Niitsu et al., 2011). BDNF is a protein highly involved in the development of the nervous system of all mammals, and in the regulation of synaptic transmission. During the period of development, BDNF has been involved in the survival of stem cells, neurogenesis, and neuronal differentiation along with polarisation and neuronal guidance. BNDF also regulates the plasticity aspect of the brain and is thus involved in cognitive function (Rowbotham et al., 2015).
Pruritus in Atopic Dermatitis: Pathophysiology and Treatment Options
Published in Donald Rudikoff, Steven R. Cohen, Noah Scheinfeld, Atopic Dermatitis and Eczematous Disorders, 2014
Tejesh Surendra Patel, Gil Yosipovitch
Interestingly, the sources of increased serum NGF in these patients have been shown to be mainly keratinocytes, mast cells, and skin fibroblasts, which can be further stimulated by histamine. Moreover, receptors for NGF are upregulated in the skin of atopic dermatitis (Groneberg et al. 2005, Dou et al. 2006). Other neurotrophins have also been implicated in the pathophysiology of pruritus associated with atopic dermatitis. Expression of neurotrophin-4 in keratinocytes was found to be enhanced in atopic dermatitis whereas brain-derived neurotrophic factor has been shown to induce chemotaxis of eosinophils in these patients (Grewe et al. 2000, Raap et al. 2005).
The Effect of Cytoprotective Agents in Platinum Anticancer Therapy
Published in Astrid Sigel, Helmut Sigel, Metal Ions in Biological Systems, 2004
Michael A. Jakupec, Markus Galanski, Bernhard K. Keppler
Attempts to specifically address the problem of platinum-induced neurotoxicity have been made using neurotrophic peptides. ORG-2766, an analogue of adrenocorticotrophic hormone lacking corticotrophic and melanotrophic activities, has been introduced to clinical studies, but has been abandoned, since large randomized clinical studies failed to confirm neuroprotective properties [67]. Several endogenous neurotrophic factors such as nerve growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3 and neurotrophin-4–5 have been studied in preclinical models, but none has entered the clinical stage yet [2].
Understanding intrinsic survival and regenerative pathways through in vivo and in vitro studies: implications for optic nerve regeneration
Published in Expert Review of Ophthalmology, 2021
To establish neuroprotective and regenerative therapies for diabetic retinopathy, we have used a three-dimensional collagen gel culture system. The ways of mimicking diabetic stress in this culture system were to culture retinas from diabetic animal models directly [74], to culture retinas in high-glucose medium [75,76], and to culture retinas in advanced glycation end products (AGEs) exposed medium [77–79]. In a series of the studies, we found that neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) has the most neuroprotective and regenerative effects for retinal neurons including RGCs and their axons [75–79]. In addition, a combination of citicoline, taurine-conjugated ursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), and NT-4 (triplet) shows the most regenerative effects compared to that of a single neuroprotectant [79]. Furthermore, the cell death pathways in cultured retinal neurons are, in part, common with those in degenerative neurons of human diabetic retinas [28,80]. Thus, the effective therapeutic agents for cultured retinas in this system may be useful for clinical practice for patients with diabetic retinopathy.
Potential of Müller Glia for Retina Neuroprotection
Published in Current Eye Research, 2020
Karen Eastlake, Joshua Luis, G Astrid Limb
Neurotrophins are important not only for promotion of neuronal survival during development and after injury, but for regulation of apoptosis of retinal neurons.34 They promote axon growth, dendrite pruning, the patterning of neural innervation and the expression of key proteins that regulate neuronal functions, such as neurotransmitters and ion channels.2 Neurotrophins belong to a family of highly conserved proteins which includes nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4).35 The regulatory influence of neurotrophins is mediated through two independent classes of receptors: the Trk family of high-affinity tyrosine kinase, which include the TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC receptors, and the low-affinity p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR).36 In general, downstream targets of TrK receptor activation result in pro-survival signalling via the ERK/MAPK and PI3K pathways, whereas p75NTR activation induces a mixture of pro-apoptotic pathways via JNK and a variety of other pathways including NF-κB.37 A further complexity exists in that whilst p75NTR can bind to all neurotrophins, it can also act as a co-receptor for Trk, modulating it into a higher affinity state.38 Although it is generally thought that Trk and p75 receptors trigger opposing signalling systems to promote cell survival and death, it has been proposed that this view may be oversimplified as the complex signalling network of neurotrophins is not completely understood.36
Biomarkers for bipolar disorder: current status and challenges ahead
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2019
Antonio L. Teixeira, Gabriela D. Colpo, Gabriel R. Fries, Isabelle E. Bauer, Sudhakar Selvaraj
Other neurotrophic factors, such as insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, and nerve growth factor (NGF) have been related with the pathophysiology of BD, and treatment with lithium has been shown to influence their levels [37,38]. Plasma VEGF levels were increased in patients in manic [39] and depressive phases [40] in comparison with healthy controls, while FGF-2, NGF, and IGF-1 serum levels were significantly higher in manic patients when compared with healthy controls [41]. Conversely, neurotrophin-3 levels have been shown to be increased in manic and depressive patients in independent studies [42–44] and a meta-analysis [45] although the alterations in depression have not been confirmed in all studies [46]. Finally, neurotrophin-4/5 has shown conflicting results in different samples [44,47,48], but an overall increase in depressed patients compared to controls has been recently confirmed by a meta-analysis [45].