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Children with FGIDs: considerations of family factors (a social learning perspective)
Published in Clarissa Martin, Terence Dovey, Angela Southall, Clarissa Martin, Paediatric Gastrointestinal Disorders, 2019
Jennifer V Schurman, Amanda D Deacy
Genetic associations have been demonstrated for both of the two most common FGIDs related to abdominal pain – irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia (FD). Data on genetic associations for other FGIDs associated with pain (e.g. functional abdominal pain syndrome, abdominal migraine) are not currently available in the literature. IBS has been shown to aggregate in families and affect multiple generations. Specifically, first-degree relatives of patients with IBS are two to three times more likely to have IBS than the general population (Saito et al., 2010). This symptom clustering within families may be explained in part by genetic predisposition. Candidate genes suggested for IBS generally have been related to specific pathways operating within the gastrointestinal tract, including serotonin, G-protein receptors and inflammation. Serotonin pathways have received particular attention in the research literature, as serotonin is known to be involved in motility and has a key role in modulating sensitivity (Saito, 2011). To date, IBS has been associated with polymorphisms of genes encoding for specific serotonin receptors (e.g. HTR2A and HTR3E), as well as the serotonin transporter protein (Saito, 2011; Markoutsaki et al., 2011). IBS also has been associated with polymorphisms related to pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL6 and IL10), as well as genes encoding for G-protein coupling receptors that may be involved in motility (e.g. GNB3) (Saito, 2011; Markoutsaki et al., 2011).
Genetic susceptibility to nicotine and/or alcohol addiction: a systematic review
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Isabel Legaz, M. D. Pérez-Cárceles, Irene de la Calle, Fuensanta Arjona, Miriam Roca, Pablo Cejudo, Aurelio Luna, Eduardo Osuna
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) is an important neurotransmitter involved in regulating substance-use disorder acquisition, maintenance, and recovery. An abundance of genetic variations in 5-HT system are associated with substance-use disorder patients, such as SLC6A4, HTR1B, HTR2A, HTR2C, HTR3 (HTR3A, HTR3B, HTR3C, HTR3D, and HTR3E) (Herman and Balogh 2012).