China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Glomerulosclerosis
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Glomeruli are the functional units of the kidneys that enable nephrons to filter waste products such as urea out of the blood. Glomerulosclerosis is scarring or hardening of the glomeruli. This damage can result in proteinuria (loss of large amounts of protein [i.e., albumen] from the blood into the urine), microscopic hematuria (blood and casts in the urine), hypertension, and the nephrotic syndrome (proteinuria plus low albumen and high fat in the blood along with edema in the legs feet or ankles). Glomerulosclerosis may develop in children or adults. African Americans are at higher risk.
Diabetic Nephropathy
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Glomerular sclerosis, also known as glomerulosclerosis, is hardening of the glomeruli in the kidneys. The term generally describes progressive scarring of the glomeruli, which is linked to diabetes mellitus. Lumpy nodules of scar tissue may form, which is referred to as nodular diabetic glomerulosclerosis. Scattered, segmental mesangial sclerosis beginning in some glomeruli that will eventually affect all of the glomeruli is described as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. This is usually an idiopathic condition, but can be secondary to obesity, atheroembolic disease, loss of the nephrons, sickle cell disease, use of drugs such as heroin, and HIV infection. The disease is the most common cause of primary nephrotic syndrome in adults.
Rhubarb
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Gan B. Bajracharya, Richa K. Gupta
Rhubarb extracts have shown significant nephroprotective effect (Nagasawa et al. 1980, Yokozawa et al. 1984, 1985, 1986, 1991, Gu et al. 2005). The extracts reduce proteinuria and the severity of glomerulosclerosis. Rhubarb can improve nitrogen metabolism that may delay hemodialysis (Sadana 1996). Investigation of the R. emodi extract on cadmium chloride, mercuric chloride, potassium dichromate and gentamycin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats by monitoring the levels of urea nitrogen and creatinine in serum revealed that the extract exhibited a nephroprotective effect on all the proximal tubule segments (S1, S2, and S3) (Alam et al. 2005). The nephroprotective effect of rhubarb appeared possibly through antioxidant action. R. officinale was recommended in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy as its administration in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats helped to normalize renal hypertrophy and glomerular filtration rate (Yang and Li 1995).
Glomerulosclerosis is a prognostic risk factor in patients with membranous nephropathy and non-nephrotic proteinuria
Published in Renal Failure, 2023
Jing Sun, Mengfei Li, Qianshen Zhu, Yuanyuan Jia, Jia Tian, Chao Zhang, Xuanyi Du
The current study found that a higher proportion of glomerulosclerosis corresponded to a worsened prognosis of patients. Wei et al. [11] assessed 200 IMN patients and demonstrated that patients with IMN with a GS ratio ≥6.45% often had poor basic renal function and a poor prognosis. Moreover, a higher proportion of GS in patients corresponded to a greater probability of renal end-point events. Li et al. [19] investigated 305 IMN patients and concluded that FSGS is a risk factor for IMN disease progression. However, some studies have noted that GS is related to the patient’s age, sex, BP, and glomerular filtration rate. After adjusting for these clinical parameters, the guiding significance of combining FSGS for renal prognosis was very limited. Thus, GS still has guiding significance for the prognosis of IMN patients with NNP IMN by establishing Cox proportional hazards models and by correcting for relevant parameters.
Clinicopathological features and outcome in elderly patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy
Published in Renal Failure, 2023
Jinxiu Liang, Wenke Hao, Fangxiao Xia, Zhi Zhao, Yanhua Wu, Feng Yu, Wenxue Hu, Xiaowu Fang, Wei Liu
The remaining pathological data of 67 patients with IMN were retrospectively analyzed for the partial pathological data of 3 patients were missing. In this study, the membranous Churg’s stage II was most common whether in the remission group or non-remission group. Moreover, glomerular PLA2R antigen fluorescence intensity of (+) and IgG4 antigen fluorescence intensity of (+++) were detected in 63.6% and 86.4% of all patients, respectively. All had some degree of tubulointerstitial injury and just over half (53.0%) had severe injury. In addition, glomerulosclerosis involving up to 25% of glomeruli, occurred in 39 patients (59.1%). Overall, it showed no significant differences in the degree of PLA2R antigen deposition, IgG4 deposition and tubulointerstitial injury, the proportion of glomerulosclerosis and pathological stage between the two groups (p > 0.05). The pathological characteristics are available in Table 2.
Clinical features of children with anti-CFH autoantibody-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome: a report of 8 cases
Published in Renal Failure, 2022
Qian Li, Xinxin Kong, Minle Tian, Jing Wang, Zhenle Yang, Lichun Yu, Suwen Liu, Cong Wang, Xiaoyuan Wang, Shuzhen Sun
Three of 8 patients underwent kidney biopsy (Table 2). Under a light microscope, mild to moderate segmental proliferation of the mesangial region and shrinkage of the basement membrane were observed. Glomerular capillary tuft collapse was observed in 1 case. Moreover, segmental glomerulosclerosis was observed in 1 or 2 locations in 2 patients. Two or 3 balloon adhesions were found in 2 patients. Swollen arteriolar endothelial cells were observed in 1 patient, and microthrombi were found in 1 patient. Direct immunofluorescence analysis revealed that one patient had positive staining for IgM (2+) and F (2+), one patient had positive staining for IgM (3+), and one patient had no immune complex deposition. In addition, the immune complexes were distributed in granular form along the capillary wall. Under an electron microscope, swollen endothelial cells of glomerular capillaries, widened subendothelial space, and fused foot process cells were observed. One patient appeared to have cellulose-like substances deposited under the endothelium.