China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Hot topics in medicine
Published in Viyaasan Mahalingasivam, Marc A Gladman, Manoj Ramachandran, Secrets of Success: Getting into Medical School, 2020
Veena Naganathar, Asil Tahir, Pairaw Kader, Omar Chehab
Members of Parliament pass reforms based on their perception of the problems of the NHS and the needs of the population. These are then turned into targets or guidance by the Department of Health and distributed to the health authorities. The strategic health authorities (SHAs) plan the health care for the regions, which are then provided by the primary care trusts (PCTs) and the secondary health-care trusts. PCTs provide community services such as GPs, dentists, district nurses and pharmacies. Secondary health-care trusts provide hospital-based specialist services. Special health authorities are in charge of national health initiatives such as NICE and the National Blood Service.
Health Care in Prisons *
Published in Andrew Stevens, James Raftery, Jonathan Mant, Sue Simpson, Health Care Needs Assessment, 2018
Tom Marshall, Sue Simpson, Andrew Stevens
In the community, a person with a health care problem has a number of possible routes to health care. These are summarised in Figure 21. They can be broadly sub-categorised as: Self-care, informal and semiformal care: These include care by family members, voluntary organisations, over the counter medication, advice from pharmacists and telephone advice services (such as NHS Direct).Primary health care services: These include the primary health care team, principally GPs, practice nurses and other community-based nursing services. They also include other direct access services, such as accident and emergency services, dentists, opticians, private services and so on.Specialist care or secondary health care services: These are generally accessed following referral by members of the primary health care team, but direct access (self-referral) is possible in some cases (e.g. genito-urinary medicine).
Libya
Published in Salah Hassan, Kidd Michael, Family Practice In The Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2018
The Ministry of Health recognizes four levels at which PHC/family practice operates, these are:Home: Practiced primarily by individuals on their own or within their families or other close social networks, or people from the neighbourhood; community workers may also be involved in this level of care and interact with individuals and the family through home visits.Community: This concerns the health of a whole community and involves the voluntary efforts of individual community members, community groups, and community workers. Activity is related to health promotion, public information, and the planning/implementation of communal health activities.First health facility: The first level at which a trained health professional and clinical facilities are available; acting at this level may involve a support role in training and supervising a variety of community health workers.First referral: This level concerns the administrative or clinical referral of a health threat or problem to secondary health-care services or to planners and managers and others with responsibility for ensuring, for example, the enforcement of environmental safety regulations.
Psychiatric morbidity among pregnant and non pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2023
Oluwasomidoyin Olukemi Bello, Tolulope T. Bella-Awusah, Ayodeji Matthew Adebayo, Yetunde O. John-Akinola, Chizoma Milicent Ndikom, Temitope Ilori, Eniola O. Cadmus, Folashade Omokhodion
This was a comparative cross-sectional study among consenting pregnant and non-pregnant women in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria conducted between September 2017 and February 2018 using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The study was conducted among women aged 18 to 45 years attending the three tiers of public health care service delivery in Nigeria – primary, secondary and tertiary. In Nigeria, basic health care is provided at primary health care facilities which are usually manned by nurses and community health care workers who are trained to manage and treat only minor ailments. More serious health conditions are referred to secondary health care facilities which are an intermediate level of care. The most serious ailments are referred to tertiary healthcare facilities which provide specialist care. Because payment for health care services in Nigeria is mainly out of pocket, primary health care services are the preferred option for all types of health problems by people from lower socioeconomic classes who cannot afford more expensive specialised health care. Two of the 11 districts or local government areas (LGA’s) in Ibadan were purposively selected based on the availability of facilities in the three tiers of health care services. One primary and one secondary healthcare facility were randomly selected from the thirteen primary healthcare, and two secondary healthcare facilities were available in these districts. The only tertiary health facility in the city of Ibadan was also selected.
Communication disability in Bangladesh: issues and solutions
Published in Speech, Language and Hearing, 2023
Md Jahangir Alam, Linda Hand, Elaine Ballard
However, if more specialized treatment is required, and this includes SLT, patients are referred to the larger centres which have the secondary and tertiary levels of the healthcare system. Secondary health care is delivered at district hospitals, found across all the district cities and tertiary health care is found in big urban areas in specialized hospitals. The public health system provides free healthcare services to patients (Islam & Biswas, 2014). However, SLT services are not free as they are not included within the public health system. The public system is supplemented by a growing private sector of hospitals and organizations, mainly at the tertiary level, and SLT services can be found in some of these. However, these private services are also not provided for free.
Experiences and management strategies of Norwegian GPs during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal interview study
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, 2023
Silje Rebekka Heltveit-Olsen, Lene Lunde, Anja Maria Brænd, Ivan Spehar, Sigurd Høye, Ingmarie Skoglund, Pär-Daniel Sundvall, Guro Haugen Fossum, Jørund Straand, Mette Bech Risør
The novel coronavirus outbreak was declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization (WHO) on the 30th of January 2020 [1]. One and a half months later, what was once a distant epidemic had rapidly expanded into an extensive pandemic [1,2]. The Norwegian health care system did not have organizational blueprints ready for managing a pandemic of this magnitude, nor sufficient access to test medium and personal protective equipment (PPE) [3]. To handle the pressing situation, the government imposed the strongest restrictions ever given in time of peace upon Norwegian residents on the 12th of March 2020 [4,5]. Effective infection prevention and control in the municipalities was a crucial strategy to contain the spread of the disease and avoid that the number of hospital admissions surpassed the capacity of secondary health care. Experiences from previous epidemics indicated that most patients would be handled in primary health care [6]. General practitioners (GPs) are key providers of health care in the municipalities, and gatekeepers to secondary health care [7]. It was important to minimize the risk of spread of the virus to vulnerable patients at health care clinics as well as protecting the GPs from infection, quarantine, and isolation. A great proportion of the GPs isolated or quarantined would result in reduced access to primary care, increase the pressure on secondary health care and challenge the quality and continuity of patient care in the municipalities [8].