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The paradox of vaccine hesitancy and refusal
Published in Peri J. Ballantyne, Kath Ryan, Living Pharmaceutical Lives, 2021
Making the right choice to vaccinate one’s child is not just about individual health, but is also a ‘duty of citizenship’ (Ayo, 2012), and an obligation of good motherhood. Because vaccines are most effective when approximately 95% of the population is immunised, the requirement to contribute to herd immunity is an additional moral obligation of the public health citizen. Because of this, there have been many studies of parental decision-making which seek to understand why parents do and do not vaccinate their children (Brown, 2010; Brunson, 2013; Diekema, 2005; Heininger, 2006; Kennedy et al., 2005; Wilson et al., 2008). The medical discourse frames non-vaccination as an issue of skewed risk perception and bad risk management (Blume, 2006; Shao, 2008). The decision to vaccinate is set up as a binary choice and is decontextualised. There is also a binary view of parents: those whose children are immunised, and those who are under-immunised. Anything less than full immunisation is constructed as problematic, and indeed, as a moral failure to uphold a social contract (Freed et al., 1996), thereby creating the notion that non-vaccinators are ‘free riders’ on the backs of those who do contribute towards the public good of herd immunity through vaccination (Diekema, 2005; Hershey et al., 1994).
Surrogate non-motherhood: Israeli and US surrogates speak about kinship and parenthood
Published in Zeynep B. Gürtin, Charlotte Faircloth, Conceiving Contemporary Parenthood, 2020
Israeli surrogates' insistence on the genetic idiom of a ‘continuing generation’ must also be viewed in the socio-political context of the Israeli nation's struggle for survival, the reality of war, the biblical imperative, and the collective calling to make up for the murder of six million Jews in the Holocaust (Teman 2010). In this pronatalist context, motherhood is a fundamental status and role for women. Giving birth to a baby for a childless couple is thus endowing the IM with her ‘entry ticket’ into the collective as well as contributing to the growth of the Jewish population within the context of a ‘demographic war’ as part of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
Disorders of the nervous system
Published in Judy Bothamley, Maureen Boyle, Medical Conditions Affecting Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2020
The midwife and specialist epilepsy nurse can provide and recommend appropriate resources to support discussions. This could be not only around pregnancy and new motherhood, but also to update her, if necessary, on her condition, which she probably had first diagnosed in childhood.
Ethnographic understandings of sexual and reproductive health and HIV care for adolescents in Blantyre, Malawi
Published in Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters, 2023
Blessings N. Kaunda-Khangamwa, Alister Munthali, Lenore Manderson
Adolescents aged 15–17 talked freely about visiting each other in their homes, meeting at school, and spending time with others, often as friends rather than intimate partners. In FGDs, most adolescents repeated morally laden discourses which emphasised staying safe and “remaining sexually pure” to protect themselves from the negative consequences of early sex and early motherhood. A few reported that they had little experience and were reluctant to join in group discussions about sex and sexuality, while others referred to “self-love”, “sexual preparedness”, and the value of having the choice of when and with whom to have sex. Some participants emphasised their education and reaching certain educational goals: “You have five friends and all of them are asking you, why are you still a virgin, this and that? … I keep on pushing. I want to achieve. It is just a choice” (IDI, Simbe, male, 16-year-old).
Reasons and obstacles for changing risky drinking behavior among Latinas at risk of an alcohol-exposed pregnancy
Published in Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 2023
Mercedes Hernandez, Kirk von Sternberg, Yessenia Castro, Mary M. Velasquez
Notably, low-acculturated Latinas strongly endorsed the value of parenting and being a role model for their children. This finding may be due to the difference in number of pregnancies between low- and high-acculturated women, with more low-acculturated participants reporting having ever been pregnant. Nonetheless, although more than half of high-acculturated participants (63%) had been pregnant, only 27% mentioned parenting as an important reason for changing their alcohol behavior. It is possible that for low-acculturated women, motherhood may be tied to cultural perceptions of traditional gender role beliefs about mothering behaviors, which influence their view of parenting. Familism, the emotional and behavioral manifestation of commitment to family life and well-being, may also be a factor for these participants, in that low-acculturated Latinx generally have a strong family orientation (Vega, 1995). A study by Shrestha and colleagues (2018) also found that among Native American women at risk of an AEP, parenting was cited as an important reason for change. The negative impact of drinking on family life was a source of concern for these Native American women. Other studies have also cited parental status as a protective factor contributing to reduced drinking among women when compared to men (Kuntsche et al., 2012).
Mothers’ Perspectives on Co-Parenting with African American Non-Resident Fathers
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2022
Jen’nea Sumo, Wrenetha Julion, Joi Henry, Dawn Bounds
Literature thoroughly illustrates that both co-parents (mothers and fathers) play uniquely important roles in their children’s development (Fagan et al., 2014), and child outcomes are best in cooperative and parallel co-parenting situations (Cronin et al., 2017; Kelly, 2007). Regardless of whether the parenting is cooperative or parallel, a healthy co-parenting relationship is characterized by trust in the other parent’s good intentions for the child, respect for their co-parent’s ideas and parenting practices, and a belief that each parent is the authority in their own home (Fridhandler & Lehmer, 2014). Even so factors such as limited economic resources, societal norms that endorse single motherhood, and psychological factors that challenge co-parents’ ability to maintain healthy relationships can contribute to instability in co-parenting families (McLanahan & Beck, 2010). Also, fathers with children in more than one household or parents who are involved with raising step-children might also contribute added complexity to co-parenting relationships (Tach et al., 2014). Fathers’ contact with nonresident children tends to decline over time but the decline varies considerably (Cheadle et al., 2010), and is impacted by factors such as the connection with a new romantic partner (Tach et al., 2014).