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Making an impact on health: Medical genetics and the UK National Health Service
Published in Peter S. Harper, The Evolution of Medical Genetics, 2019
Until the late 1970s there was no organised system in the UK – nor for that matter elsewhere in Europe − for training in medical genetics as a specialty. The Galton Laboratory under Penrose had been the centre for gaining theoretical and research experience, attracting people from across Europe and from America, as well as from UK (see above and Chapter 2), but there was no organised training system at the Galton, though independent-minded people could and did find a wealth of talented workers in and around the centre to learn from. The MRC offered a series of training Fellowships, most of them attached to its own units, but again these were research orientated.
Evaluating VRE achievements
Published in Rick Iedema, Katherine Carroll, Aileen Collier, Su-yin Hor, Jessica Mesman, Mary Wyer, Video-Reflexive Ethnography in Health Research and Healthcare Improvement, 2018
Rick Iedema, Katherine Carroll, Aileen Collier, Su-yin Hor, Jessica Mesman, Mary Wyer
To support us in thinking through these issues, the Medical Research Council (MRC) in the United Kingdom published a series of reports offering guidance for designing and evaluating complex interventions (Medical Research Council (UK), 2006). The MRC’s general message is as follows: Complex interventions require “a good theoretical understanding” of how the intervention is assumed to cause change, an acknowledgement that failure to register impact may be due to implementation obstacles (such as ‘teething problems’) and local constraints, rather than inappropriate solution design, among other things. The kinds of problems that typically associate with complex interventions, the MRC states, include ‘the difficulty of standardizing the design and delivery of the interventions, their sensitivity to features of the local context, the organizational and logistical difficulty of applying experimental methods to service or policy change, and the length and complexity of the causal chains linking intervention with outcome’ (Medical Research Council (UK), 2006: 6). Figure 7.1, from the 2006 MRC report, sets out this rather linear – if circular – approach to initiative development and evaluation.
How to ensure your research follows ethical principles
Published in Felicity Goodyear-Smith, Bob Mash, How to Do Primary Care Research, 2018
Christopher Barton, Sally Hall, Penelope Abbott, Chun Wah Michael Tam, Amanda Lyons, Siaw-Teng Liaw
In Australia, the National Health and Medical Research Council has developed a National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research (2007, updated 2015) which identifies core values and principles in human research (see Box 13.1). This document is available at www.nhmrc.gov.au/guidelines-publications/e72.
Endophthalmitis: Microbiology and Organism Identification Using Current and Emerging Techniques
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2023
Christine L. Tan, Harsha Sheorey, Penelope J. Allen, Rosie C. H. Dawkins
An advanced search was conducted in the Medline Ovid database combining the keywords “endophthalmitis,” “polymerase chain reaction,” and “next-generation sequencing,” retrieving results up to March 2020. Subheadings selected under endophthalmitis included “classification,” “diagnosis,” “epidemiology,” “etiology,” “microbiology,” “pathology,” and “virology.” The Boolean operators (“AND” and “OR”) were used in combination to refine the search. Further sources were identified through reference lists. All research was conducted under ethics approval granted by the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital (RVEEH) Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) and observed principles outlined in the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research 2007,2626 and the Declaration of Helsinki.27
Perceptions and ideas of critically ill patients, their family and staff members regarding family participation in the physiotherapy-related care of critically ill patients: a qualitative study
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Lotte van Delft, Karin Valkenet, Arjen Slooter, Cindy Veenhof
The Medical Research Council (MRC) framework can be used for developing and implementing complex interventions (Craig et al., 2008). The first phase of this framework is the development phase. The first step of this phase was to identify what is already known about family participation physiotherapy-related tasks (van Delft, Valkenet, Slooter, and Veenhof, 2021). The next step is to identify and develop a theoretical understanding of the likely process of change. In this stage, it is crucial to gain knowledge on the area of concern, to get an understanding of the prospective users and their context, and determine which values and requirements the different stakeholders deem important to include in the further design of the intervention (Craig et al., 2008). Before further designing an intervention regarding family participation in the physiotherapy-related care of critically ill patients, there is a need to investigate the opinions of ICU patients, their family and staff members in detail. It is important to examine when, how and in which physiotherapy-related activities that family could and would like to be involved. Therefore, to assess the feasibility of an intervention for family participation in physiotherapy-related tasks of critically ill patients, the aim of this study was to explore the perceptions and ideas of patients, their family and staff members regarding this topic and the future intervention.
A forty-year journey from “classical” biophysics and radiobiology to hadrontherapy, space radiation and low dose rate underground radiobiology
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2022
The LNL results pointed to the importance of the radiation track structure, i.e. the set of physical characteristics at sub-microscopic level that cannot be reduced to a single parameter (i.e. LET). Following the good rules of science, we looked for external opinion and review. For this reason, Mauro Belli invited Dudley Goodhead in Rome and discussed with him our results during the different hours of travel by train to Padua. After the site visit at the LNL radiobiological facility, Dudley decided to organize a direct comparison between protons and helium ions of the same LET at the Harwell's Variable Energy Cyclotron (unfortunately dismantled few years later). This initiative was carried out in the framework of a wider collaboration, which involved other colleagues of the Medical Research Center (MRC), Harwell, and other UK groups. Experiments were carried out, with different cell cultures and on different end points, also thanks to EURATOM funding.