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Other Complications of Diabetes
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Diabetic dermopathy may be related to local thermal trauma, reduced blood flow that causes impaired wound healing, or local subcutaneous nerve degeneration. Epidermal features include atrophy or flattening with rete ridges being obliterated, hyperkeratosis, and variable pigmentation of basal cells. Dermal changes include proliferation of fibroblasts, denser collagen, thickened collagen bundles, fragmentation or separation of collagen fibers, and dermal edema. Diabetic blisters may develop when diabetes is poorly controlled, though the actual pathophysiological processes are not fully understood. Eruptive xanthomatosis develops as a result of elevated triglycerides.
Dermal manifestations of diabetes
Published in Robert A. Norman, Geriatric Dermatology, 2020
Diabetic dermopathy (DD) (Figure 2) has been called one of the most common skin signs of diabetes, though it can be seen in non-diabetics as well. It is more common in men with diabetes who are older than sixty7. The exact cause of this disorder is unknown. Some theories about the pathogenesis include post-traumatic atrophy due to a thermal or mechanical insult, or post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation in poorly vascularized skin7,9. There is little evidence of angiopathy or its relationship to other diabetic angiopathies. However, its incidence does correlate well with the severity of diabetes4. One author observed that in patients with four or more lesions, DD correlates highly with normal patients who will get diabetes, and is highly correlated with retinovascular disease in those that do have diabetes17.
Systemic disease and the skin
Published in Ronald Marks, Richard Motley, Common Skin Diseases, 2019
Atherosclerotic vascular disease is more common in people with diabetes and the resulting ischaemia may also contribute substantially to the ulceration of the feet or legs. There is also a depressed ability to cope with infections, and infection of the ulcerated area usually complicates such lesions in diabetic people. The resulting ulcerating areas tend to be moist, contain slough and be purulent. Wounds in people with diabetes also tend to heal more slowly, turning any minor injury of the foot into a serious health risk. Diabetic dermopathy
Characterization of dry skin associating with type 2 diabetes mellitus using a KK-Ay/TaJcl mouse model
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2018
Hidehisa Sekijima, Kenji Goto, Keiichi Hiramoto, Rio Komori, Kazuya Ooi
In conclusion, our study has revealed new details concerning the development of dry skin in type 2 DM using a KK-Ay/TaJcl mouse model, suggesting the involvement of the natural moisturizer hyaluronic acid. These data indicate that regulation of hyaluronic acid production and degradation may be central to the dry skin phenotype. This could be due to the activation of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF, under the hyperglycemic conditions of type 2 DM. The study therefore provides useful information that will contribute to developing new treatment approaches for type 2 diabetic dermopathy.