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Public Health and Viruses
Published in Patricia G. Melloy, Viruses and Society, 2023
Social determinants of health include all the factors in a person’s environment that can affect his or her health. These factors include economic status, occupation, educational background, housing situation, access to healthcare providers and facilities, and other aspects of community such as support from friends and family (ODPHP 2022). The Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, a part of the Department of Health and Human Services in the U.S. government, has launched the Healthy People 2030 initiative to reduce health disparities arising from differences in social environment. For example, disparities in access to healthy foods, good healthcare providers, clean water and air, and other factors can contribute to different health outcomes (ODPHP 2022). People of color are more likely to experience health inequities linked to differences in these social determinants (CDC 2022f).
Prevalence and Risk Factors
Published in Jennifer Doley, Mary J. Marian, Adult Malnutrition, 2023
The more traditional term “demographics” may be better described as social determinants of health (SDOH). The World Health Organization (WHO) defines SDOH as “the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age. These circumstances are shaped by the distribution of money, power and resources at global, national and local levels”.72 Social determinants of health include factors such as income, education and housing, among many others. Social determinants of health play a significant role in an individual’s access to quality healthcare and healthy food, as well as health behaviors.73 The following sections review select SDOH (and factors that impact SDOH) which can affect the prevalence and risk of malnutrition.
Promoting Optimal Lifestyle Behaviors
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
Patterns of health behaviors are central to health and well-being across the life span. Interventions and programmatic initiatives designed to promote optimal lifestyle behaviors must consider the contexts and environments that influence those behaviors and the social determinants of health that impact an individual’s ability and capacity to adopt, maintain, and/or change behaviors. Evidence-based strategies for promoting health behaviors in the settings of primary and secondary prevention of CVD inform and guide nursing practice. Multicomponent interventions delivered by multidisciplinary teams coordinated by nurses have demonstrated efficacy and effectiveness in modifying adverse behaviors as well as risk factors for CVD.
Supernatural beliefs, religious affiliations, and HIV testing among recently arrived Asian-born men who have sex with men in Australia
Published in AIDS Care, 2023
Stephen W. Pan, Christopher K. Fairley, Eric P.F. Chow, Ying Zhang, Warittha Tieosapjaroen, David Lee, Jason J. Ong
Recent empirical research with MSM in East Asia suggests that belief in supernatural determinants of health are associated with poor uptake of healthcare services, including HIV testing (Pan, Carpiano, et al., 2020; Pan, Smith, et al., 2020). (Determinants of health can be characterized as factors and circumstances that influence individual health outcomes and the health of populations (World Health Organization, 2017)). There are several mechanisms by which belief in supernatural determinants of health can directly impact HIV testing. First, belief in supernatural determinants of health implies that health status is partially influenced by an external locus of control that transcends laws of the natural world, which can undermine motivation to test for HIV if individuals question their self-efficacy in influencing their future health outcomes (Straughan & Seow, 1998). Second, individuals who believe in supernatural determinants of health may initially seek out supernaturally mediated health interventions over biomedical interventions. Prayer and appeals to supernatural forces to intervene on behalf of one’s health is common throughout many parts of Asia (Anwar et al., 2012; Arthur, 2019; Widayanti et al., 2020), and may delay HIV testing.
Developing a Canadian framework for social determinants of health and well-being among children with neurodisabilities and their families: an ecosocial perspective
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2021
Angela M. Filipe, Aline Bogossian, Rosslynn Zulla, David Nicholas, Lucyna M. Lach
Social determinants of health is a conceptual framework that has typically been used to better understand factors that influence the presence/absence of disease and health conditions in the general population. Children and youth who have a neurodisability associated with diagnoses such as autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, or global developmental delay, already have a “health condition.” Therefore, one way of thinking about how social determinants of health applies to this population is to consider it from a “causes of ill-health” perspective, where consideration is given to the correlation of social factors, such as poverty, with rates of neurodisability [1]. Alternatively, a “consequences of ill-health” perspective would have us examine how neurodisabilities may be considered as a determinant of other physical health conditions such as obesity or oral health issues [2].
Upstreaming occupational therapy: reflections on sustaining contextual relevance in a globalising world
Published in World Federation of Occupational Therapists Bulletin, 2021
Madeleine Duncan, Kit Sinclair, Jennifer Creek
In this paper, we propose that occupational therapy is facing a paradigm crisis precipitated by rapid global social change and that upstreaming occupational therapy is a potentially effective strategy for ensuring a socially responsive profession that strives to serve the occupational needs of local populations. We recommend two actions that may be taken towards advancing appropriate responses by the profession to the current paradigm crisis. The first action addresses 15 dimensions of occupational therapy that require continuous adjustments to promote contextual relevance. The second action points back to the basics of the profession’s ontology, epistemology, axiology and methodology, with recommendations for future actions aligned to the needs of people affected by a world in perpetual flux. We argue for extending the role of the profession beyond ill, diseased or disordered individuals towards building socially inclusive communities, with a particular focus on mitigating the social determinants of health that impact human occupation. Social determinants of health are conditions in the environments in which people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning and quality of life outcomes (Bloom et al., 2018).