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Parasites and Conservation Biology
Published in Eric S. Loker, Bruce V. Hofkin, Parasitology, 2023
Eric S. Loker, Bruce V. Hofkin
It is increasingly appreciated that parasites are of major relevance to the study of conservation biology. The latter discipline is devoted to the study of the world’s biodiversity and how to preserve it in the face of major challenges imposed by habitat destruction, introductions of exotic species, pollution, climate change and many other factors. Parasites can directly cause the extinction of rare host species, but in cases when the parasite is host specific, it is generally considered that the parasite will itself go extinct before its host. In cases where a parasite is a generalist and can be maintained in common reservoir host species, then the parasite can potentially cause the extinction of rare hosts in which it also occurs. Emerging fungi, such as those responsible for causing chytridiomycosis in amphibians and white-nose syndrome in bats, are particularly of concern in causing host extinctions. A combination of factors—parasites, habitat loss, species introductions and pollution—often work in concert to affect host populations. Small, genetically homogeneous and fragmented host populations, such as those found on islands or zoos, are particularly vulnerable to extinction mediated by parasites.
Chloramphenicol and Thiamphenicol
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Prolonged immersion in a chloramphenicol solution can cure chytridiomycosis in frogs, a fatal skin disease caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Holden et al., 2014; Young et al., 2012). This surprising discovery suggests that chloramphenicol could have activity against other fungi.
Parasites and Conservation Biology
Published in Eric S. Loker, Bruce V. Hofkin, Parasitology, 2015
Eric S. Loker, Bruce V. Hofkin
It is increasingly appreciated that parasites are of major relevance to the study of conservation biology. The latter discipline is devoted to the study of the world’s biodiversity and how to preserve it, this in face of major challenges imposed by habitat destruction, pollution, climate change, and many other factors. Parasites can directly cause the extinction of rare host species, but in cases when the parasite is host specific, it is generally considered that the parasite will itself go extinct before its host. In cases where a parasite is a generalist and can be maintained in common reservoir host species, then the parasite can potentially cause the extinction of rare hosts in which it also occurs. Emerging fungi, such as those responsible for causing chytridiomycosis in amphibians and white-nose syndrome in bats are particularly of concern in causing host extinctions. A combination of factors—parasites, habitat loss, species introductions, and pollution—often work in concert to affect host populations. Small, genetically homogeneous and fragmented host populations, such as those found on islands or zoos are particularly vulnerable to extinction mediated by parasites.
High-Altitude-Induced alterations in Gut-Immune Axis: A review
Published in International Reviews of Immunology, 2018
Kunjan Khanna, K P Mishra, Lilly Ganju, Bhuvnesh Kumar, Shashi Bala Singh
A fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) cause skin infections and suppress host response functions in amphibians.55Bd has been considered a cause of extinction of amphibians at high-altitude regions.56 Recently, probiotics have been used to mitigate chytridiomycosis which is caused by pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) in amphibians through bioaugmentation.23
Salamanders and caecilians, neglected from the chemical point of view
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Isadora Alves de Vasconcelos, Jéssica Oliveira de Souza, Jessica Schneider de Castro, Carlos José Correia de Santana, Ana Carolina Martins Magalhães, Mariana de Souza Castro, Osmindo Rodrigues Pires Júnior
In recent times, amphibians have faced a serious population decline as a result of habitat loss by the exponentially increasing human population, and a significant fungal infection called chytridiomycosis is decimating populations around the world. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and B. salamandrivorans fungus, both infect adult amphibian skin and tadpole mouthparts (Basanta et al.2019).