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Sexual Reproduction in Bryophytes in Relation to Physical Factors of the Environment
Published in R. N. Chopra, Satish C. Bhatla, Bryophyte Development: Physiology and Biochemistry, 2019
It should be pointed out, however, that archegonial initiation in spring, at the beginning of the hot, dry summer, would not appear to be adaptive under Mediterranean conditions. Moreover, while British plants showed long-day stimulation of vegetative growth as well as archegonia induction,39 plants from Israel studied by Schwabe90 showed short-day stimulation of vegetative growth, which would promote development under relatively humid winter conditions, and became dormant under long days. These discrepancies suggest the occurrence of adaptive, genetic differentiation within Lunularia cruciata, and an investigation of the reproductive behavior of Mediterranean material would be of great interest. Confirmation of physiological differences between temperate and Mediterranean plants would favor the view that L. cruciata is native in temperate parts of Europe rather than a recent introduction from the Mediterranean region.
Fungal Lipids
Published in Rajendra Prasad, Mahmoud A. Ghannoum, Lipids of Pathogenic Fungi, 2017
Apart from certain Oomycetes and some specialized pathogens of animals and plants which are dependent on substrate sterols, most fungi can synthesise sterols. Plant pathogens in the genera and Phytophthora are, however, generally capable of vegetative growth on sterol-free media, although they lack membrane sterols.140 For morphogenesis of reproductive structures, however, these fungi require substrate sterols, e.g., sitosterol or cholesterol, which are normally supplied by host plant tissues. Both in yeasts and filamentous fungi, there is evidence for the functional significance of sterols in stabilizing membrane structure and modifying permeability10,141 as well as of “sparking” functions at very low levels of sterols and related terpenoids (e.g., the steroid hormones, oogoniols and antheridiols, triggering the development of sexual structures in Achlya142) in morphogenesis and reproduction.143-145
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids
Published in Amritpal Singh Saroya, Contemporary Phytomedicines, 2017
Botany:N. lobata grows as a many-branching shrub to 3 meters in height. The vegetative growth is covered with a fine glandular pubescence particularly on the abaxial leaf surfaces. The leaves are arranged alternately, to 25 cm in length, oblong to obovate to elliptical with an entire or serrulate margin and acuminate leaf apex. The actinomorphic flowers are arranged in corymbs of heads.
Induction of novel inflorescence traits in Chrysanthemum through 60Co gamma irradiation
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2020
Mohit Kumar Setia, Madhu Bala, Simrat Singh
The plant height measured at the time of bud appearance decreased significantly with subsequent increase in doses of γ-rays. This can be attributed to reduced rate of assimilation of photosynthates that affected the nutrition of plants (Went and Theimen 1937). Similar trend of reduction in plant height in Chrysanthemum was observed with exposure to γ-irradiation (Singh and Bala 2015). The Significant reduction in vegetative growth parameters were noticed in Chrysanthemum plants exposed at higher doses of γ-rays. The reduction in internodal length is attributed to decrease in plant height due to radiation-induced abnormal plant growth with potential effect on the inactivation of enzyme systems (Barron 1954) that influence the enzyme mediated photosynthetic pathways essential for growth and development of plants.
Molecular and phytochemical assessment for some seedy strains of Alamar apricot rootstock under salinity stress
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2019
M. H. Abd El-Aziz, S. Y. Mohamed, Hadeer E. Magwaid
In conclusion, the molecular analysis of the tested seedy strains of Alamar apricot has revealed clear differences at the molecular level among these strains. Also, these differences were demonstrated by the performance of these strains under salinity stress conditions in terms of P5CS gene expression and accumulation of salinity tolerance-related metabolites. The latter were correlated with differences at the molecular level that detected by ISSR molecular marker technique. Where, the A3 strain was distinct in performance and number of ISSR unique molecular markers. So, it could be suggested that this strain could be utilized as a source of salinity tolerance-related genes in Alamar apricot rootstock. In addition, we recommend propagating this strain by vegetative growth (cuttings) to widespread in reclaimed lands and salt land up to 2000ppm.
Assessment of natural variability in leaf morphological and physiological traits in maize inbreds and their related hybrids during early vegetative growth
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2019
Farag Ibraheem, Eman M. El-Ghareeb
Maize seeds contain proteins and starch as main food reserves [5,6]. Once germination signal (s) is perceived, critical physiological changes are initiated to mobilize seed reserves into metabolically active intermediates to support germination, seedling and early vegetative growth until the development of photosynthetically active leaves. During these stages, seed storage proteins provide the necessary nitrogen (N) for germination whereas starch is converted into metabolically active sugars. These seed-derived N and carbon resources gradually diminish as the germination progresses. Post-germination, roots actively absorbs N from soil either as inorganic or organic forms with nitrate being the most preferable N form for most plants [7,8]. The absorbed nitrate undergoes reduction then assimilation into various amino acids that support plant growth and development [9]. Within plants, N presents in different forms such as ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, proteins and many other nitrogenous compounds; however, amino acids represent the major form of cellular N [10]. More than 50% of the organic carbon can be shuttled into amino acid biosynthesis in some parts of plants [11]. Therefore, plants have to have a strict coordination between amino acid biosynthesis and carbon metabolism to maintain C/N balance in various tissues/organs at different growth stages under diverse environmental conditions [12,13].