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Science Communication and Viruses
Published in Patricia G. Melloy, Viruses and Society, 2023
When scientists write grant proposals for funding using public tax dollars, a broader impacts section is usually required in the application, obligating the scientist to explain, even in the proposal form, why the study is critical for society. Increasingly, scientists at major medical centers are encouraged to do what is known as translational research, where the conversion or path of the scientific knowledge into treatments for disease can more readily occur. The public wants to learn more about scientific innovation, and scientists are encouraged to do so on many levels. However, it is important to note that basic research, research conducted just to understand how a living system works, should be encouraged as well so that a pipeline of translational research foundation work is available many years in the future.
Mitigation of Obesity: A Phytotherapeutic Approach
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
A.B. Sharangi, Suddhasuchi Das
Obesity is the sum total of many contributing factors, which include dietary, lifestyle, genetic, and environmental factors. Appropriate lifestyle and behavior interventions may be fundamental in alleviating this complex, chronic disorder mediated mainly by weight loss, but maintaining such a healthy lifestyle is extremely challenging. Multiple natural products could confer a synergistic activity through increasing the anti-obesity action on multiple targets as well as offering advantages over chemical treatments in terms of serious side effects. Phytotherapeutical approaches effect in anti-obesity and also offer other health benefits like anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic activities, simultaneously. However, the development of evidence-based public policies is necessary for the formulations. It will contribute a beneficial and sustainable approach for novel anti-obesity products and open up new research insights towards validation and confirmation of all the positive results time-tested through natural medicinal plants. Translational research should promote the exchange of knowledge between producers, researchers, developers, and industrialists to result in the much-needed synergy and harmony.
Breaking out of the Silos in the Heartland
Published in Thomas S. Inui, Richard M. Frankel, Enhancing the Professional Culture of Academic Health Science Centers, 2022
One of the key issues that will facilitate clinical and translational research is the Indiana CTSI’s commitment to improve performance in the turnaround of institutional review board submissions, contract negotiations and subject enrollment. We have already helped to substantially improve the process at IU and have outlined future goals as noted in Table 3.1.
Rifampicin in periprosthetic joint infections: where do we stand and where are we headed?
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2023
Marjan Wouthuyzen-Bakker, Henk Scheper
Further, failure rates after DAIR for staphylococcal PJI remain to be high, both in patients treated or not treated with rifampicin, even in recent large cohort studies. We estimate that antibiotics alone will not be enough to significantly improve outcome. In our opinion, future research should focus on broadening antimicrobial research programs to nonantibiotic strategies, like bacteriophage therapy, non-contact induction heating, antimicrobial peptides, or quorum sensing inhibitors. To do this, translational research and cross-departmental cooperation between different research groups is required. Another reason for the high failure rate after DAIR may be the surgical strategy in itself. Interestingly, the DATIPO trial reports very low infection recurrence rates for patients with a chronic PJI treated with a one-stage procedure [58]. It is possible that complete exchange of the prosthesis will also reduce failure rates in patients with acute PJI. A RCT to randomize patients with acute PJI between DAIR and a one-stage procedure could answer this question.
The role of immunotherapy plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone as first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2022
Basel Abdelazeem, Kirellos Said Abbas, Fatma Labieb, Abdul Karim Arida, Nahla Ahmed El-Shahat, Joseph Shehata, Emad Kandah, Bilal Malik, Maxwell Akanbi, Abdul Rafae, Ahsan Wahab, Hamid Ehsan
There is an emerging role of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and other predictive biomarkers in ongoing clinical trials to assess the response to therapy (NCT04791215). This approach is promising and can help us further tailor the therapies to maximize the response with minimal toxicities. There is evidence that a combination of immunotherapy-based treatments with radiotherapy improves systemic disease control by affecting the local tumor microenvironment and release of tumor-related antigens. The novel drug combinations, including antibody-drug conjugates like datopotamab and deruxtecan, are currently being investigated in combination with immuno-chemotherapy (Tropion-Lung02 trial) (NCT04526691). All these avenues are promising and can provide safe and effective therapy options for patients with advanced disease. The emerging role of precision medicine and tailoring therapy based on the patient’s unique characteristics will continue to be the focus of future studies. It will improve the clinical prospects for the patients, and future studies will focus on the combination of both basic and clinical translational research.
Adjuvant therapy for high-risk endometrial cancer: recent evidence and future directions
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2019
Stephanie M. De Boer, Remi A. Nout, Tjalling Bosse, Carien L. Creutzberg
Concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy with adjuvant chemotherapy should be considered for women with stage III endometrial cancer to optimize failure-free survival.For women with stage I-II endometrial cancer with high-risk features, external beam radiotherapy remains the standard of treatment.Higher rates of adverse events and impaired health-related quality of life were reported for patients treated with the combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy compared to radiotherapy alone.Counseling of every individual patient is important to weigh the costs and benefits of adjuvant treatment.Translational research is essential to further individualize treatment and determine new effective targeted treatments.