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Area and Individual Radiation Monitoring
Published in Arash Darafsheh, Radiation Therapy Dosimetry: A Practical Handbook, 2021
The design of the survey meter depends upon the type, energy, and nature of the radiation field as well as its specific application [1]. Air ionization survey meters are quite common and are usually vented to the atmosphere. Sealed ionization chambers are typically pressurized and are usually filled with a non-electronegative gas such as argon.
Radiation Detection and Measurement
Published in Shaheen A. Dewji, Nolan E. Hertel, Advanced Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 2019
An ionization chamber-based survey meter is pictured below. The chassis contains a battery-operated power supply for the measurement circuitry, and it has an analog meter display. The ionization chamber has a thin entrance window to permit the detection of beta particles. There is also a cover for the entrance window when photon measurements are made. The thickness of the cover is sufficient to establish charged particle equilibrium for the gamma ray sources most commonly encountered in radiation protection (Figure 4.2 ).
Disrobing the Radio Actively Contaminated Patient and Radiological Survey Techniques
Published in Thomas A. Carder, Handling of Radiation Accident Patients, 1993
Natural background radiation can contribute to the survey findings during a radiological contamination survey, but not to a great degree. In particular, exposure rates are instrumentally additive. For example, the response of a radiation detection instrument to the exposure rate coming from two sources of the same amount will be more than the exposure rate coming from only one of the sources. The importance of this statement is that when you use a survey meter to detect radiation, the survey meter does not care about from where the radiation is coming. The radiation the instrument is detecting may be coming from the contamination on the patient, from the contamination spread to the ambulance or other areas, or from the major source of radiation. Likewise, the survey meter does not know or care whether the radiation is coming from contamination on the patient or on the probe. Therefore, it is important for the surveyor to determine the background rate of exposure in the area he/she is performing the survey. Once the background radiation level in the area of the contamination survey is known, the background rate needs to be taken into account if the area background rate is more than the normal background rate. Radiological health experts can make use of this information you can provide from a patient radiological contamination survey.
Investigating the role of internal layout of magnetic field-generating equipment on workers’ exposure at power substations
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2021
Monireh Hosseini, Laleh Farhang Matin, Mohammad Reza Monazzam, Hossein Khosroabadi
In addition to the locations listed in Table 1, the value of the magnetic field was measured in the bathroom, dining hall and prayer hall as other places of personnel presence. The electromagnetic field survey meter used in this study was the HI-3604 (Holaday Industries, USA). When measured by the operator by hand, it was kept at a height of 1 m from the ground [10]. Although the HI-3604 is a single-axis device, it was used to measure the magnetic field in three axes. After holding the device along all three axes of x, y and z, the resultant value of the three directions was computed and reported as the final value of the magnetic field at each point [10–12].
Evaluation of the influence of chronic low-dose radiation on DNA repair gene polymorphisms [XRCC1, XRCC3, PRKDC (XRCC7), LIG1, NEIL1] in individuals from normal and high level natural radiation areas of Kerala Coast
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2020
Divyalakshmi Saini, K. R. Sudheer, P. R. Vivek Kumar, D. C. Soren, Vinay Jain, P. K. M. Koya, G. Jaikrishan, Birajalaxmi Das
The external gamma-radiation exposure levels were measured using Geiger Muller (GM) tube-based survey meter (Type ER-709, Nucleonix Systems, India) and individual dose was estimated as described elsewhere (Karuppasamy et al. 2018). Areas with an external gamma radiation dose ≤1.5mGy/year is considered as NLNRA and >1.5 mGy/year as HLNRA. The samples were collected from Panchayats like Alappad, Panmana, Chavara, Neendakara, Sakthikulangara, Eravipuram and Mayyanad.
Assessment of chromosome aberrations in large Japanese field mice (Apodemus speciosus) in Namie Town, Fukushima
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2022
Yohei Fujishima, Akifumi Nakata, Risa Ujiie, Kosuke Kasai, Kentaro Ariyoshi, Valerie Swee Ting Goh, Kojun Suzuki, Hirofumi Tazoe, Masatoshi Yamada, Mitsuaki A. Yoshida, Tomisato Miura
Ambient dose-rates were measured at the sampling sites using a NaI(Tl) scintillation survey meter (TCS-171B, Hitachi Aloka Medical, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). The measurements were expressed as micro-grays per hour at 1 m above the ground with the time constant of the survey meter set to 10 s. Measurements were recorded after a minimum wait of 30 s for the readings to be stabilized.