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Neurohype
Published in L. Syd M Johnson, Karen S. Rommelfanger, The Routledge Handbook of Neuroethics, 2017
Scott O. Lilienfeld, Elizabeth Aslinger, Julia Marshall, Sally Satel
Many or all of the influences we have discussed thus far may conspire to generate neuroseduction: the tendency to be unduly swayed by neural images, neural explanations, or both. Chabris and Simons (2011) coined the term “neuroporn” to refer to brain-based information that can bewitch and bamboozle unwary laypersons. In an amusing albeit disconcerting demonstration of what the authors dubbed “neuroenchantment” (Ali et al., 2014), a team of investigators brought undergraduates—about half of whom were enrolled in an advanced course on neuroimaging—into the laboratory for an ostensible study of the “Neural Correlates of Thought.” In fact, the “study” was bogus. Participants were seated underneath a mock scanner, which was actually the dome of an old-fashioned salon hair dryer, and were informed that the exciting new technology developed by the researchers, called “Spintronics,” could read their minds. While being “scanned,” participants viewed a high-tech prerecorded video displaying spinning images of three-dimensional brains, lending the nonsensical procedure a cachet of scientific credibility. Then, using a simple magic trick (a sleight of hand), the researchers duped participants into believing that the scanning technique could discern what number, color, and country they had in mind. Remarkably, 67% of participants, including 65% of those in the advanced imaging course, found the new scanning technology credible as a decoder of their innermost thoughts.
Presentation Format
Published in Kitsakorn Locharoenrat, Research Methodologies for Beginners, 2017
These results have led us to extend investigation of Co-porphyrins on the semiconductor substrate because it has the possibility of the dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) as they combine the two fields in the condensed matter physics: magnetism and semiconductor. DMSs are the key material of the spintronics that applies the correlation between charge and spin of electrons to devices. The surface effects in the metallic nanoparticles are of great important because the electrical properties of the nanoparticles are strongly influenced when their surface is in contact with different media. Consequently, the proof that Co-porphyrins films on the GaAs substrates are the DMSs would give a large contribution to the spintronics because the Curie temperature of the existing ferromagnetism DMSs, such as the Mn films on the GaAs substrates, is too low to be used for the spintronics devices. To elucidate the electronic origin of the Co-porphyrins on the GaAs surface, in situ UPS would be introduced for this study in order to observe the electrical properties in the Co-porphyrins deposited onto the GaAs substrates. The relation between the electronic structure and the Co nanoparticle characteristics (size-dependent) would be investigated. Additionally, as the UPS responses depend on the structures of the substrate, in this research, we would also study the Co-porphyrins on the GaAs substrate instead of other existing noble metal (gold, silver, and copper, for example), and we expect that the UPS could confirm the free electrons attributed by the semiconductor surface.
Graphene nano-ribbon based high potential and efficiency for DNA, cancer therapy and drug delivery applications
Published in Drug Metabolism Reviews, 2019
Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi, Sadaf Soroshnia, Seyyed Alireza Hashemi, Aziz Babapoor, Younes Ghasemi, Amir Savardashtaki, Ali Mohammad Amani
Graphene ribbons present a well-defined two-dimensional structure useful for electronic environments and controlling non covalent interactions (Zhang et al. 2006). Planar zigzag edged GNRs has a great potential for bio diagnostics, DNA Nano electronics, bio-sensor devices, spintronic, and Nano electronics (Zhang et al. 2005; Wang et al. 2008; Choi et al. 2010; Samarakoon and Wang 2010). Furthermore, GNRs based on metal materials and lithographic methods have been manufactured (Colvin 2003; Min et al. 2007; Manohar et al. 2008), as well as oxidative longitudinal unzipping method of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) (Barone et al. 2006; Samarakoon and Wang 2010; Ahmed et al. 2012). With treating GNRs with Oxidative chemicals they result in the oxygen species alternation of the basal plane and edge with a carboxylic acid, epoxide, hydroxyl, and carbonyl groups (Okuda et al. 2004).
Application of perovskites in bioimaging: the state-of-the-art and future developments
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2022
Utkarsh Jain, Shringika Soni, Nidhi Chauhan
Despite outstanding optoelectronic properties along with organic-like behavior and associated ionic nature, perovskites face stability challenges. Currently, moisture and heat are identified as major triggers of instability in perovskites, such as CH3NH3PbI3 [114,115], whereas the ionic solids nature of hybrid perovskites causes instability in polar solvents, notable water. It makes organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite susceptible to decomposition in presence of moisture or oxygen. In this direction perovskite core@shell, nanocomposites can be an excellent alternative to improve stability and photophysical properties while maintaining efficiency and large surface area under the range of different atmospheric conditions [116,117]. The epitaxial overgrowth of shell nanocomposites was reported to eliminate superficial defects from the perovskite core which improve stability and luminescent properties. Additionally, shelling with halide perovskites of larger bandgap mostly generates type-I and type-II categories of band alignment, which opens the new door to develop advanced functional materials from available perovskite in single nanostructures [50]. In recent years, elements from the actinide group, such as Pr, Th, Np, Bk, U, and Am are reported in different perovskites. Due to the similar physical and chemical properties of this group with lanthanide elements, it might be considered in optoelectronic and bioimaging applications. For example, BaBkO3 perovskite exhibited an energy bandgap of 4.0 eV in upstate spin and coulomb energy of 4.8 eV to support co-existing properties of metallic and magnetic, respectively [118]. The effect of quantum confinement also exhibited its potential in bioimaging techniques. Similarly, alloys Ba2MgMO6 (M = U, Np) [119] and colloidal formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr3) NCs [120] perovskites were identified for ferromagnetic and luminescence behavior, respectively. These properties have valuable importance in spintronics and semiconducting devices which open doors for their applications in bioimaging technology. Though, the 5f orbital of the actinide group contains optically active electrons and increases their chances in optoelectronic devices. But, all these elements are highly radioactive and tend to become soft easily under heat applied in imaging techniques which can limit their application and promote more research in terms of biosafety of the users.