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Testing of Protective Effect against Liquid Chemicals
Published in Robert N. Phalen, Howard I. Maibach, Protective Gloves for Occupational Use, 2023
The principle of permeation testing is a flow-through system where a two-compartment permeation cell of standard dimensions is used. The test specimen acts as a barrier between the first compartment of the cell, which contains the test chemical, and the second compartment through which a stream of the collecting medium (gas or liquid) is passed for the collection of diffused molecules of the test chemical or its component chemicals for analysis. The outside of the glove or clothing material is in continuous contact with the test chemical in excess and with the collecting medium on the other (inner) side. The resistance is determined by measuring the breakthrough time and the permeation rate of the chemical through the test material. The definitions of the key parameters, including those current and older parameters available in the literature, are provided below.14–16
Hospital Systems
Published in Salvatore Volpe, Health Informatics, 2022
In a highly automated laboratory, there might be a laboratory information system (LIS), a specimen tracking system, a robotics system controlling specimen flow, a dashboard showing the current state of high-priority tests, and many different automated laboratory devices. The most common tasks relate to testing blood specimens. If the LIS is separate from the EHR, the LIS learns about a new lab order via an inbound HL7 interface. In a highly automated environment, phlebotomists and nurses use mobile devices to identify patients by barcode and print specimen labels with patient and order identification via wireless mobile printers. The labels are placed on the blood collection test tubes. Drawn specimens arrive at the lab in tubes and then are placed in robotics equipment, which divides the sample into smaller samples for specific tests (aliquoting). Each sample is automatically routed to the appropriate testing device. Once the testing is done, the result is uploaded to the LIS and validated against past results. Verified results are sent back to the EHR via an HL7 results interface.
Blood sampling
Published in R. C. Richard Davison, Paul M. Smith, James Hopker, Michael J. Price, Florentina Hettinga, Garry Tew, Lindsay Bottoms, Sport and Exercise Physiology Testing Guidelines: Volume II – Exercise and Clinical Testing, 2022
Ronald J. Maughan, Susan M. Shirreffs
The collection of blood samples from human participants is required in many physiological, biochemical and nutritional investigations. The purpose of the sample will determine the method of collection, the volume of blood required and the way in which the specimen is handled and stored.
Molecular point-of-care testing in the community pharmacy setting: current status and future prospects
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2022
Michael Klepser, Renee R. Koski
Rapid POCT devices can detect infectious pathogens from a small specimen sample in a shorter time than waiting for culture growth. This has allowed these tests to be used outside of the centralized laboratory setting. Like in other settings, specimens must be handled with care, so as not to spread the pathogens or cause cross-contamination. Rapid POC antigen and antibody tests use immunoassay detection methods to rapidly detect pathogens. Results are usually read via a visual inspection in five to twenty minutes, excluding sample preparation time. Rapid POC molecular diagnostic tests, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and other nucleic acid-based amplification technologies (NAATs), can detect pathogens in times ranging from six to sixty minutes, excluding sample preparation time, and often require an analyzer to read the results.
Analysis of the prevalence of human papillomavirus and abnormal anal cytology in women at risk
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2021
Belen Lopez-Cavanillas, Cristina G. Benitez, Maria Serrano, Elena Sendagorta, Alicia Hernandez, Jose L. Bartha
HPV testing was performed on both anal and cervical cytology samples for each patient. A nucleic acids amplification assay was used for HPV detection and genotyping: CLART® Human Papillomavirus 2 (Genómica, Madrid, Spain), a PCR‐based assay for the detection of HPV DNA. Detection of HPV was achieved by amplification of a 450‐bp region within the L1 region of the HPV genome. After amplification, HPV genotyping was performed using a low-density microarray platform and type‐specific probes. The processing of the specimens is a fully automated process. The CLART® HPV2 test can detect and genotype 35 HPV genotypes (6, 11, 16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 61, 62, 66, 68, 70, 71, 72, 73, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 89) (Pista et al. 2011). This test fulfils all the requirements of the EU guideline 98/79/EC and has the Declaration of Conformity according to Annexe III.
A profile of the binx health io® molecular point-of-care test for chlamydia and gonorrhea in women and men
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2021
Barbara Van Der Pol, Charlotte A. Gaydos
The binx io CT/NG assay is the first molecular POC assay with sufficiently short running time to have the potential for significantly impacting STI control practice. The test is simple enough that it was performed almost exclusively by non-laboratorians, including nurses and administrative staff, during the multi-site US clinical trial. The assay has recently received CLIA-waived status, which provides US regulatory approval for use by non-laboratorians. By adapting to a sample-first specimen collection process where the testing can begin immediately following registration, the results may, in many settings, be available to the health care provider prior to patient interactions thus facilitating a discussion about the meaning of the results, as well as making accurate treatment decisions possible before the patients leave the clinic. Managing use of antimicrobials rather than relying on epidemiologic factors and clinical observations is an important strategy in antimicrobial stewardship efforts.