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Furazolidone (Furazolidine)
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Nitrofurans have long been known to be strong mutagenic agents (Kobierska-Szeliga and Czeczot, 1994). This has been confirmed for furazolidone (and nitrofurazone) using the Ames test and SOS chromotest in strains of Salmonella typhimurium and E. coli (Gajewska et al., 1990; Kobierska-Szeliga and Czeczot, 1994; Basak, 1995). The potential mutagenicity, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of furazolidone led to the prohibition of its administration to food-producing animals (Evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in food, 1993; Ali, 1999).
Identification and Use of Biomarkers in Preclinical Toxicologic Safety Assessment
Published in Anthony P. DeCaprio, Toxicologic Biomarkers, 2006
Donna M. Dambach, Jean-Charles Gautier
There are several non-GLP (good laboratory practice) mutagenicity assays that have been used in this capacity, such as three assays that are derived from the standard GLP Ames the plate-based miniaturized and abbreviated Ames assay; the non-plate-based Ames II assay; and an assay that is based on inducing the DNA repair apparatus, the SOS chromotest (40–43). Each of these assays have been reported to have greater than 85% concordance with the standard GLP Ames, thus these assays can be utilized as surrogates for Ames testing to identify potential mutagenicity issues during lead optimization. Furthermore, data generated from these assays can be coupled with in silico computational mutagenicity SAR databases, such as DEREK for Windows (Lhasa Limited, Leeds, U.K.), so that SAR testing can be performed to identify the offending chemophore with the goal of removing the mutagenic potential while maintaining efficacy (44–46). A similar approach has been adopted to examine the clastogenic potential of compounds via utilization of either the in vitro chromosome aberration or in vitro micronucleus assays (47), the latter of which has been reported to have 80% or more concordance with the in vivo erythrocyte micronucleus assay (48,49). In addition to detection of potential clastogens, the in vitro micronucleus assay will also detect mutagens and aneugens (50). Thus, these assays for genotoxicity that exhibit good concordance to regulatory standard assays are examples of bridging biomarkers for these endpoints. As a result, these assays can be applied much earlier in the discovery process so that compounds can be optimized away from the potential issue of genotoxicity, resulting in greater compound success and far greater cost savings.
Plants growing in Colombia as sources of active ingredients for sunscreens
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2021
Jorge Luis Fuentes, Diego Armando Villamizar Mantilla, Silvia Juliana Flores González, Luis Alberto Núñez, Elena E. Stashenko
As in a previous study (Mouret et al. 2011; Schuch et al. 2014), our data support the use of DNA damage detection assay as a necessary complement that improves the efficacy of photoprotection measurement. Despite the genetic differences between bacteria and human cells, there is the main reason that supports the use of the SOS Chromotest to identify compounds with potential DNA protective activity in humans. A UV-induced response similar to bacterial SOS response, which involves CPDs repair, cell cycle arrest, increased antioxidant activity, and melanogenesis, has been described in human skin cells (Eller et al. 2008). Therefore, the predictive capability for DNA protection in human skin cells of the studied samples could be expected when the SOS Chromotest was used because this assay is highly sensitive to UV-induced DNA damage (Quillardet and Hofnung 1984).
In vitro mutagenicity and genotoxicity of raw and simulated leachates from plastic waste dumpsite
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2019
Okunola A. Alabi, Adewale A. Sorungbe, Yetunde M. Adeoluwa
Table 4 shows the summary of the SOS chromotest results of the plastic waste dumpsite raw and simulated leachates. The data showed that the raw and simulated leachates have constituents capable of inducing SOS genotoxic response in E. coli PQ37. A significant (p < 0.05) genotoxic response was recorded which was concentration-dependent from 10 to 20% of both the raw and simulated leachates. The samples were considered genotoxic when the IF is ≥1.2, which corresponds to the 5% concentration of the positive control (4-NQO). The IF obtained in the 15 and 20% concentrations of the raw leachate and 10, 15, and 20% of the simulated leachate was higher than the IF induced by the highest concentration of the positive control. Similar to the Ames test, only 10, 15, and 20% concentrations of the raw and simulated leachates induced a significant genotoxic response in the SOS chromotest.