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Radiotherapy Physics
Published in Debbie Peet, Emma Chung, Practical Medical Physics, 2021
Andrea Wynn-Jones, Caroline Reddy, John Gittins, Philip Baker, Anna Mason, Greg Jolliffe
After routine linear accelerator servicing or repair after breakdown, the Clinical Scientist has the role of either performing or overseeing QC checks to ensure the linear accelerator is performing within the prescribed tolerances before being returned to clinical use. It is important that effective communication occurs between engineering staff or manufacturers’ service engineers responsible for rectification work and the Clinical Scientist involved so that all appropriate QC checks required can be identified. For example, it would not be practical or necessary to perform all daily, monthly and annual QC checks after replacement of a field lamp bulb, but checking crosswire and field edge position changes while rotating the collimator at two different couch heights and checking optical field sizes would be an appropriate response to ensure that the bulb had been located correctly.
A Search Coil System with Automatic Field Stabilization, Calibration and Geometric Processing for Three-Dimensional Eye Movement Measurement
Published in Michael Fetter, Thomas Haslwanter, Hubert Misslisch, Douglas Tweed, Three-Dimensional Kinematics of Eye, Head and Limb Movements, 2020
After rectification the signal has to be smoothed, which is done by a lst-order low pass filter (τ= 15 ms). The smoothed DC signal is compared to a stabilized DC reference voltage by a Pi-controller (proportional/integral controller) resulting in a corrective voltage, which adjusts the amplitude of the corresponding magnetic field. The time constant of the Pi-controller should be the same as the one used in the low pass filter to speed up the feedback loop.
Introduction to core concepts and their interrelations
Published in Steven J. Ersser, Nursing as a Therapeutic Activity, 2019
A typology of sentimental work has been developed by Strauss et al. (1982) from hospital studies. ‘Composure work’, which involves an empathic display by the nurse, was found to be the most usual and visible type. It is said to help patients to remain composed during a frightening and/or painful procedure. Some specific similarities can be found with the data. For example, nurses were found to engage in ‘identity work’ in which patients were helped with ‘psychological problems’, particularly in helping to maintain and improve a sense of identity during a difficult illness, which compares with the data on the nurse helping the patient feel valued. Strauss et al. also refer to the reassurance and valuing of patients who had been upset by other staff as ‘rectification work’. This directly corresponds directly with the nurse Sophie’s account (D:1 I1:19–20) of her response to a patient upset by a medical consultant who requested that a patient be sent to another department without giving him an giving him an explanation.
Intranasal administration of erythropoietin rescues the photoreceptors in degenerative retina: a noninvasive method to deliver drugs to the eye
Published in Drug Delivery, 2019
Ye Tao, Chong Li, Anhui Yao, Yingxin Qu, Limin Qin, Zuojun Xiong, Jianbin Zhang, Weiwen Wang
Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) comprises a family of hereditary retinal dystrophies that are characterized by the progressive photoreceptor degeneration and severe visual impairments. The worldwide prevalence is ∼1 in 4000 individuals with a total of 1.5 million affected individuals (Hartong et al., 2006). One puzzling aspect of RP concerns the enormous heterogeneity, as more than 180 genetic mutations affecting the phototransduction cascade could result in RP. Currently, experimental therapies for RP include pharmacologic intervention, gene rectification, stem cell transplantation, and visual prostheses (Souzeau et al., 2018; Moreno et al., 2018). These breakthroughs highlight the need for advanced drug-delivery methods which are capable of increasing the stability and bioavailability of therapeutic agents. Admittedly, this work is challenging because several physiological barriers restrict the transport of executors to the posterior segment of eye. In clinical practice, the intravitreal injection renders increased drug concentrations in the retina and circumvents these unwanted systemic effects. However, the chronic circle of retinopathy necessitates frequent pharmacological interventions. The repeated intravitreal injection would give rise to severe surgical complications such as retinal detachment, endophthalmitis, and elevated intraocular pressure(Fangueiro et al., 2016; Thrimawithana et al., 2011). Therefore, noninvasive delivery methods are necessary to afford safe and efficient protection.
Neurointerventions: Punishment, Mental Integrity, and Intentions
Published in AJOB Neuroscience, 2018
Throughout, I focus on whether a neurointervention wrongs the individual and thereby is pro tanto impermissible (as claimed by the authors). As indicated above, this is so when there is neither a rectificatory nor a preventive justification for the intrusion upon the individual’s rights. For rectification, I hold that only victim restoration (e.g., recognition and compensation) is relevant (and not retribution or general deterrence), but I do not address that issue. Instead, I focus on preventive justifications, since the authors seem to focus implicitly on those. For simplicity, I focus on cases of prevention of future wrongdoing by a person who is guilty of past wrongdoing. (I do not address cases where the person has not yet engaged in wrongdoing or where the intervention prevents others from wronging.)
Incorporation of hazard rectification performance for safety assessment
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
Mei Liu, Heap-Yih Chong, Pin-Chao Liao, Linyu Xu
The implementation of a formal monitoring plan would facilitate the correction and implementation of strategies to prevent high-risk situations from occurring through proactive management, rather than in reaction to risks or safety incidents. Based on the case-study data and results, rectification performance was always the highest when hazards occurred frequently. However, the same HRI grade corresponded to different rectification efficiencies. These hazards not only increase risk due to human error, but may also trigger other hazards, which can result in serious consequences. If HRI is used as the sole evaluation index, the actual security status of the project will be overestimated [14].