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Pathophysiology of Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction
Published in Andreas P. Kalogeropoulos, Hal A. Skopicki, Javed Butler, Heart Failure, 2023
Jacob Cao, John O'Sullivan, Sean Lal
Mitochondrial dysfunction may also contribute toward energetic depletion and generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species. Decreased mitochondrial complexes and compromised mitochondrial structural integrity have been noted in both human and animal HF and restored with effective treatment, including resynchronization and neprilysin inhibition. Observational studies have variably noted a correlation between low coenzyme Q10, a key component of the electron transport chain, and poorer HF outcomes. A randomized trial of Q10 supplementation demonstrated significant benefit for HFrEF in terms of long-term cardiovascular death, HF hospitalization, or mechanical support or transplant. However, results need to be interpreted with caution considering the small cohort size and the lack of improvement in biochemical, echocardiographic, and functional correlates with Q10 supplementation. Various other agents, such as flavonoids and melatonin, have been shown to improve mitochondrial function in animal models of HF, but translation to humans is still lacking.
Lifestyle and Diet
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Poultry meat from chicken, duck, turkey, and goose is good food because it is not high in energy, but is rich in digestible proteins, and low in saturated or bad fats. In addition, it contains many vitamins of B-group, and minerals, especially zinc, selenium and copper and alpha-linoleic acid (ALA), a precursor of omega-3 unsaturated fatty acid. Poultry meat is suitable for overweight and obese people and the elderly. Poultry meat may also prevent cardiovascular diseases and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (35). Moreover, it is cheaper than beef, pork, and fish. However, poultry skin is richer in saturated fats or bad fats than poultry meat. So, discard poultry skin when consuming poultry meat. Besides meat, some organs of mammals (beef, pork) and poultry such as liver, heart, kidney, and stomach are edible and delicious. The levels of some nutrients such as coenzyme Q10 from these organs are found higher than those in corresponding meats. Coenzyme Q10, present in liver and heart of beef and pork, is more active than its synthetic supplement. It is a nutrient necessary for elderly people because its production in the human body decreases with age. Coenzyme Q10 is necessary for the activity of muscle, especially for heart activity.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Published in Nicole M. Farmer, Andres Victor Ardisson Korat, Cooking for Health and Disease Prevention, 2022
Like fish oil, coenzyme Q-10 (CoQ10) is used widely. CoQ10 has been known to improve inflammation and lipid homeostasis in the liver. A blinded RCT treated NAFLD patients with 100 mg of CoQ10 and noted reduced AST, ALT, and hepatic inflammation compared to placebo (Perumpail et al. 2018). Foods high in coenzyme Q10 include organ meat (heart, liver, and kidney), muscle meat of beef, chicken or pork, fatty fish such as trout, herring or sardines, and vegetables such as spinach, cauliflower, and broccoli (healthine.com/nutrition/coenzyme).
Guilu-Erxian-Glue alleviates Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside-induced oligoasthenospermia in rats by resisting ferroptosis via the Keap1/Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Jin Ding, Baowei Lu, Lumei Liu, Zixuan Zhong, Neng Wang, Bonan Li, Wen Sheng, Qinghu He
Currently, drug strategies against OAS are lacking. Coenzyme Q10, L-carnitine, vitamin E, and other drug treatments can improve semen quality; however, rigorous experimental design and high-level randomized clinical trial evidence are lacking (Omar et al. 2019). The indications and efficacy of surgical treatments are also limited (Velasquez and Tanrikut 2014). Recently, advances in assisted reproductive technology have mitigated fertility problems. However, this technology harbors disadvantages, in terms of its cost, genetic risk, and medical ethics (Hansen et al. 2013; Inhorn and Patrizio 2015). Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) provides alternative treatment options, and its curative effects on male infertility have been demonstrated. For instance, Liuwei-Dihuang decoction, Wuzi-Yanzong formula, Jingui-Shenqi pill, and also acupuncture (Jiang et al. 2017; Zhou et al. 2019). Among them, Guilu-Erxian-Glue (GLEXG) is a TCM formula used in the treatment of infertility, which was first recorded in Yibian, an ancient book of TCM. This formula is extremely effective for male and female infertility in long term, especially for those who are suffering from a deficiency of kidney essence.
Co Q10 improves vascular reactivity in male diabetic rats by enhancing insulin sensitivity and antioxidant effect
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2023
Ghada E. Elgarawany, Ahmed Desoky Badawy, Suzan M. Hazzaa
Co Q10, Insulin, and combined treatment increased the vascular reactivity to NE and ACh when compared to diabetic untreated group. Insulin treatment stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (Kobayashi and Kamata 1999). Also, it induces nitric oxide production by stimulating nitric oxide synthase enzyme through its phosphorylation at serine and threonine residues (Perlstein et al.2012). It modulates the vascular reactivity inducing vasodilatation by activating NA+ K+ ATPase and NA+ K+ pump and decreasing Ca2+ influx via the voltage-gated channel (Davel et al.2000). On the other hand, Co-Q10 increases the vascular reactivity to NE and ACh via increasing insulin sensitivity, normalising blood glucose level and increasing the antioxidant levels with an improvement of endothelial function. Moreover, it increased the bioavailability of NO by decreasing the oxidised LDL (Tsai et al.2012). Oxidised LDL impairs endothelial nitric oxide synthase and NO-mediated vasodilatation (Wang et al.2011). Co-Q10 is a component of mitochondria and important in oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production. It has antioxidant activity directly through reaction with ROS or indirectly by the regeneration of ascorbate and tocopherol from the oxidised state (Tsai et al.2012). Co-Q10 deficiency is reported in various diseases including diabetes, heart disease, myopathy, and Parkinson’s diseases. So, Co-Q10 supplementation is considered a reason for its therapeutic effect (Gao et al.2012).
Pathological mechanisms of abnormal iron metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2021
Chris Wincup, Natalie Sawford, Anisur Rahman
There is now growing focus on targeting mitochondrial function as a novel therapeutic option in the management of SLE. A number of pre-clinical studies are providing early evidence that correction of mitochondrial function may in turn normalize the abnormal immune responses seen in the disease. A recent study evaluated the use of Idebenone [2,3-dimethoxy-5methyl-6- [10]-hydroxydecyl]-1,4-benzoquinononenoben] which is a drug that has been previously tested for other diseases involving mitochondrial dysfunction [94]. This drug is a compound of coenzyme Q10, an essential electron carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, that improves the function of the electron transfer chain by bypassing deficient complex I activity of the mitochondria. This improves mitochondrial physiology by the amount of ATP that is able to be newly synthesized. Q10 is found in all tissues and cells and has been suggested to protect cells against enhanced ROS toxicity [95]. It has been shown that treatment with idebenone led to a decreased number of effector memory CD4+ T cells in mice; however, the mechanism of this effect is unclear as this could be a direct result of altering the cellular metabolism or possibly decreasing the number of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines.