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Phytosomes: Preparations, Characterization, and Future Uses
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
Palakdeep Kaur, Uttam Kumar Mandal
Allam et al. (2015) formulated curcumin phytosomes by solvent evaporation method to increase curcumin content in soft gels. The physicochemical characteristics of phytosomes such as drug content and zeta potential were determined. Various oils (castor oil, oleic acid and Miglyol 812), bioactive surfactants (KLS P 124, Cremophor EL) were used to develop the formulation. PEG 400 was used in the formulation as a hydrophilic vehicle. The formulation was characterized by in vitro dissolution and stability studies. TEM Microscopic evaluation proved the existence of and a spherical, self-closed structure of the phytosomal formulation. The developed formulation achieved a decrease and controlled release of curcumin from the complex (Allam et al., 2015).
Fabrication and characterization of dissolving microneedles for transdermal drug delivery of allopurinol
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2021
Jianmin Chen, Xinying Liu, Siwan Liu, Zemin He, Sijin Yu, Zhipeng Ruan, Nan Jin
The content of AP in each sample was determined at the wavelength of 249 nm by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer (UV 2550, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) [17]. Due to the limited solubility of AP, the solvent for preparing the standard solutions and taking as the release medium in the following drug release experiments has been chosen by determining the solubility of AP in various solutions, including pure water, PBS (pH = 6.8) and mixture of PBS (pH = 6.8) and PEG 400 with different ratio (9:1, 8:2, and 7:3 v/v). PEG 400 is well known as a co-solvent for solubilizing the drug [18]. The solubility of AP in the solution (PBS:PEG 400 = 7:3 v/v) showed the highest value, which was 1.03 mg/mL and 2.45 times higher than that in water (0.42 mg/mL). Therefore, the solution was chosen to prepare the standard solutions and being used as the release medium. The standard solutions were prepared and the absorptions were recorded. The relationship between absorption and concentration was linear in the range of 3.95–15.8 μg/mL; the respective regression equation was Y = 0.0579X – 0.0016 (R2=0.9997). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.98 and 3.95 µg/mL, respectively.
Amorphous nano morin outperforms native molecule in anticancer activity and oral bioavailability
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2020
Ashok Kumar Jangid, Hina Agraval, Nitin Gupta, Poonam Jain, Umesh C. S. Yadav, Deep Pooja, Hitesh Kulhari
In this study, MHNS were prepared using four different stabilizers i.e. one polymer-based and three surfactant-based stabilizers. In polymer-based stabilizers, PEG 400 was used as stabilizer which is generally used in different pharmaceutical formulations as solubilizing agent [38]. Like other polymer-based stabilizer, PEG 400 stabilizes the nanosuspension particles by steric stabilization [39]. In surfactant-based stabilizers, Na-CMC, Tween 80, and SDS were used as stabilizers which stabilize the MHNS formulations through either electrostatic stabilization or steric hindrance. The ability of these stabilizers to produce MHNS was investigated in the concentration range of 0.25‒1.5% w/v. The particle size and the zeta potential of different MHNS formulations are presented in Figures S1 and S2, respectively. The sizes of MHNS formulations, prepared with PEG 400, were less than 100 nm for all concentrations (0.25‒1.5% w/v). Among surfactant-based stabilizers, sizes of MHNS prepared with SDS showed the smallest particles size (<100 nm). There was insignificant difference in the sizes of MHNS prepared with SDS and PEG 400 (Figures S1). However, the zeta potential of SDS-based MHNS was significantly higher than PEG 400-based nanosuspension (Figures S2). As surface charge is very much crucial in the stability of the nanoparticles, SDS was chosen as potential stabilizer for the preparation of MHNS.
Acetaminophen and tramadol hydrochloride-loaded soft gelatin capsule: preparation, dissolution and pharmacokinetics in beagle dogs
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2021
To select the carrier, i.e. the oils and emulsifiers suitable for the development of ATSC, the solubility of tramadol in various oils and emulsifiers was investigated (Figure 1) (Islam et al. 2020). Among the oils and emulsifiers investigated, Capmul MCM (Figure 1(A); 3770.4 ± 1130.8 μg/ml) and PEG 400 (Figure 1(B); 111.0 ± 13.9 mg/ml) significantly gave the highest solubility, respectively; hence, these carriers were chosen. Capmul MCM is a mono-diglyceride of medium chain fatty acids (mainly caprylic and capric) and it is an excellent solvent for many organic compounds. It has been frequently used in the development of drug delivery system (Mithun et al. 2012). PEG 400 has also been widely used as a solvent for solubilisation or dissolution (Rajib et al. 2010).