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Organization and Management of a Radiation Safety Office
Published in Kenneth L. Miller, Handbook of Management of Radiation Protection Programs, 2020
Steven H. King, Rodger W. Granlund
In addition to the above-mentioned equipment, numerous other items are usually required. Calibration of counting equipment requires standard sources or solutions with known activity. A pulser and high-voltage meter is needed to calibrate survey meters and a gamma radiation source with a known output is needed for calibration of exposure rate meters. Calibration and repair of instruments may also require the use of an oscilloscope. Office equipment, such as computers or word processors and a copy machine are required for preparation of training materials, and record keeping. Quality assurance measurements of medical imaging equipment requires phantoms and devices to measure kVp, focal spot, half-value layer, exposure time, and other machine characteristics.6–10
Waveform Types and Properties
Published in Jeffrey A Sherman, Oral Radiosurgery, 2020
An oscilloscope is used to measure the waveform being produced by a radio signal. A fully rectified filtered waveform is demonstrated on an oscilloscope as a smooth unmodulated or uninterrupted radio wave (Figure 2.1).
Medical students learn ‘sonic alignment’
Published in Alan Bleakley, Educating Doctors’ Senses Through the Medical Humanities, 2020
Some of the fruitful comparisons across medicine and traditional skill/craft/apprenticeship trades are surprising. For example, Stefan Krebs and Melissa Van Drie (2014) compare listening practices of doctors and car mechanics (often called ‘auto doctors’). Expert car mechanics can hear minor changes in pitch in engine sounds – indicating the need for ‘tuning’ – that are inaudible to novices. The engine is treated as musical instrument. Just as medical imaging has displaced auscultation, so oscilloscopes have replaced the educated ear of the car mechanic. In both cases, the culturally dominant ocular has prevailed. Just as deep knowledge of auscultation’s litany of metaphors (analogies and resemblances) formed a basis for the identity construction of the doctor, so the ‘auto doctor’ will be defined in the future in the absence of direct listening.
The early history of the knee-jerk reflex in neurology
Published in Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 2022
Technical limitations in latency experiments extended well beyond the kymograph, which was the only graphic recorder used in this context during the late-nineteenth century. A sensitive Thomson (or mirror or string) galvanometer was in use by the end of the 1850s. A more convenient galvanometer was developed in 1882 by Jacques-Arsène d’Arsonval and Marcel Deprez. Not until the 1910s was it used in conjunction with a photographic record of the string’s and mirror’s deflections to obtain a finer analysis of the latency (Dodge 1911; Jolly 1911; Snyder 1910). The oscilloscope was not invented until much later. Of three indicators of knee jerk, the most subtle—the muscle action potential—was also available at the time, but was not used in this context. The other indicators were the thickening of the muscle in contraction as indicated by a pneumonic device, and the kick of the leg. “Each indicator has its own peculiar advantages, but no one of them is entirely satisfactory ” (Dodge 1911, 3). Beyond their idiosyncrasies, there were comparative differences as well: For example, measures of muscle contraction gave shorter latencies than measures of leg movement. “The leg is an enormously heavy and clumsy lever” (Dodge 1911, 7).
DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) ameliorates cognitive deficits and CaMKII-mediated long-term potentiation impairment in the hippocampus of diabetic db/db mice
Published in Neurological Research, 2019
Ming Gao, Suxiao Ji, Jie Li, Songyun Zhang
Recordings of population spikes (PSs) were made from the DG in response to stimulation of the PP. Test stimuli were delivered to the PP every 30 s at an intensity that evoked a response of 70% maximal amplitude of the PS (range 0.3–0.5 mA, 100 μs duration). Once the response stabilized, sampling was made under a PS amplitude of ~50% of the maximum responses for 30 min as the baseline. The amplitude of the PS was measured and averaged every 5 min. After recording the baseline, high-frequency stimulation (HFS) (8 pulses at 400 Hz for 10 s, repeated 3 times) was delivered and then stimulation returned to baseline. After that, 60-min PS amplitude changes compared with baseline were recorded as LTP level. All recordings and stimulations were performed using an online computerized oscilloscope stimulator and data analysis interface system.
LncRNA PEAMIR inhibits apoptosis and inflammatory response in PM2.5 exposure aggravated myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury as a competing endogenous RNA of miR-29b-3p
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2020
Ying-Hao Pei, Jie Chen, Xiang Wu, Yun He, Wei Qin, Shu-Yin He, Ning Chang, Hua Jiang, Jiang Zhou, Peng Yu, Hai-Bo Shi, Xiao-Hu Chen
Anesthetization in this study was intraperitoneal injection (ip) by a dose of 100 mg/kg ketamine. A rodent respirator (DV-2200a, JiaPeng, China) was applied in the mechanical ventilation of rats. It was recorded the electrocardiogram (ECG) data of limb lead II. An oscilloscope electrocardiogram monitor displayed the electrocardiogram continuously throughout the procedure. The 6-0 silk suture was conducted to ligate the left anterior descending (LAD) artery. Cyanosis of local myocardium and ECG ischemia performance indicated success of occlusion. After 30 min regional ischemia, slipknot was released for coronary reperfusion. All the animal experiments complied with the ARRIVE guidelines.