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Understanding the Interaction of Nanoparticles at the Cellular Interface
Published in D. Sakthi Kumar, Aswathy Ravindran Girija, Bionanotechnology in Cancer, 2023
Similarly, the combination of material science and molecular biology has augmented cancer therapy into more personalized nanomedicines. However, to establish a successful application of nanomaterial as a nanomedicine or in a diagnostic platform, certain factors have to be considered in advance. Nanosystems can be used as nanodrugs, as they should bypass the biological cell barrier and successfully enhance their cellular uptake to deliver the active drugs they carry to cellular components, which can be used to kill the cancer cells selectively and effectively.
Nanoparticle Synthesis and Administration Routes for Antiviral Uses
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
João Augusto Oshiro-Júnior, Kammila Martins Nicolau Costa, Isadora Frigieri, Bruna Galdorfini Chiari-Andréo
Medicines for administration through the rectal route have followed the same growth parameter as those mentioned for the vaginally administrated ones, considering the treatment of viral diseases. The use of nanosystems can provide several advantages such as increased solubility for fat-soluble drugs, controlled drug release, in addition to the protection of the molecule (Mesquita et al. 2019).
Nanomaterials in COVID-19 Drug Development
Published in Debmalya Barh, Kenneth Lundstrom, COVID-19, 2022
Alaa A. A. Aljabali, Ángel Serrano-Aroca, Kenneth Lundstrom, Murtaza M. Tambuwala
To succeed against SARS-CoV-2 it is necessary to conjugate the right therapeutic candidate to the right nanocarrier, which is intended to treat a particular disease condition. This nanomedicine method must be used for all licensed reformulation and trial drug candidates, primarily by resolving drug molecule limits and mitigating toxicity or side effects, to boost the therapeutic index. The nanomedicine systems currently available for anticancer therapies should also be considered to support this strategy [15]. The critical decision is to research and choose basic and intelligent nanomedicine designs that adopt nanosystems techniques to optimize the effect of nanomedicines. Strategic recommendations are of considerable significance, stressing the right spheres and straightforward methods to track COVID-19 nanomedicine science quickly. Several nanomaterial types such as carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs), polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and lipid-based nanomaterials have been proposed to combat COVID-19 [16] (Figure 12.1).
A comprehensive review on recent nanosystems for enhancing antifungal activity of fenticonazole nitrate from different routes of administration
Published in Drug Delivery, 2023
Sadek Ahmed, Maha M. Amin, Sinar Sayed
Nanosystems production faces many challenges as we need to obtain both acceptable safety and efficacy. Accordingly, various fabrication techniques and characterization processes had been adopted (Sondi & Salopek-Sondi, 2004). It’s important to note that characterization techniques start from the early stages of developments in terms of EE %, PS, ZP, PDI and drug release to select the best possible combination of components using a remarkable statistical designs and software. Thereby, different factors such as surfactant concentrations, surfactant type, amount of oleic acid, stearic acid, cholesterol, oleylamine, ceramide, sodium deoxycholate, terpene concentration, terpene type and ethanol concentration had been adopted. After that, the optimum formulae were subjected to extensive in vitro characterization, ex vivo and in vivo studies to validate their safety and efficacy.
Nanotechnological approaches for diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer: a review of recent trends
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Haigang Ding, Juan Zhang, Feng Zhang, Yan Xu, Wenqing Liang, Yijun Yu
Nanotechnology enables personalized oncology, in which cancer therapy and diagnosis are tailored to each patient’s tumor molecular profile, and predictive oncology, in which genetic and/or molecular markers predict development and progression of disease and clinical outcomes. The National Cancer Institute in the US has recently allocated funds to eight national Centers of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence due to its potential impact on cancer research (Misra et al., 2010). Nanoparticles have a bright future as a new generation of cancer therapeutics because they offer the opportunity for the design and tuning of properties that other types of therapeutic drugs do not. There are still many challenges for the clinical development of nanoformulations, but as sufficient availability of clinical data is obtained, nanotechnology will lead to the rational design of optimized nanosystems with improved efficacy, selectivity, and safety. But our current understanding of nanocarrier safety is inadequate. Health risks associated with various nanosystems should be documented, and the pharmacokinetic behavior of various nanoparticles must be thoroughly studied. Preliminary and complementary animal studies should be conducted to identify nanoparticle risks, with a focus on elimination processes. Environmental and health effects of manufacturing these particles have received little attention. Given the many potential uses of nanoparticles in health, especially cancer research, the government must develop safety guidelines.
Application of nanotechnology in management and treatment of diabetic wounds
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2022
Filipa Mascarenhas-Melo, Maria Beatriz S. Gonçalves, Diana Peixoto, Kiran D. Pawar, Victoria Bell, Vivek P. Chavda, Hajra Zafar, Faisal Raza, Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
One of the major downsides, when preparing and evaluating nanosystems, is the emergence of toxicological effects. The critical repercussions include their accumulation in organs, such as the liver, and the ability to reach the brain through the blood-brain barrier. Instability and changes in the morphology of membranes, thus leading to damage of organelles and negative effects on DNA, are also consequences that might be crucial. Taking this into account, nanotechnological products are highly regulated by health authorities to assure their safety and efficacy. Considering all the stages the product has to undergo in order to certify its compatibility and assess its risk, the process preceding commercialisation can take several years [19]. Although there are many research and laboratory studies, suitable clinical approaches are scarce, and finding a product that fulfils all the requirements is difficult [14].