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Imaging of head trauma
Published in Helen Whitwell, Christopher Milroy, Daniel du Plessis, Forensic Neuropathology, 2021
CT utilises radiation to generate the information by measuring the attenuation of an X-ray beam by the brain tissues and skull vault on a bank of detectors on the contralateral side of the gantry ring. The data is then reconstructed into an axial image. Modern multislice CT scanners can now acquire a head scan in 6–7 seconds with slice resolution of 0.625 mm while a 640 slice scanner can acquire it in 0.3 seconds with a resolution of 0.3 mm. Imaging is then reconstructed on both soft tissue windows to assess for brain injury, swelling and haemorrhage, and on a bone algorithm to assess for skull vault and skull base fractures.
Tools for the Diagnosis and Management of Nervous System Diseases
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
William McAuliffe, Elizabeth Berry-Kravis, Gian D. Pal, Deborah A. Hall
The most important advancement in CT imaging in the last decade has been the advent of multislice CT technology. This has transformed the investigation from a series of 16–22 axial, 7- to 10-mm-thick slices to a volume dataset (240–300 images). It is a tremendous diagnostic tool, rapidly acquired in an environment that is well tolerated by the patient. It is widely available in major hospitals, often at all hours. The result is often obtained more quickly than most blood test results. It is a safer technique than MRI in uncooperative, unconscious, or intubated patients. It remains the investigation of choice in patients with trauma, suspected SAH, and prior to LP. CT is still the major tool of triage for patients with suspected stroke for thrombolysis. The quality of images continues to improve with new advances.
Cardiovascular Imaging for Early Detection of Coronary Artery Disease
Published in Ayman El-Baz, Jasjit S. Suri, Cardiovascular Imaging and Image Analysis, 2018
Giorgos Papanastasiou, George Markousis-Mavrogenis, Sophie I. Mavrogeni
Although the role of CT is widely recognized in the evaluation of abdominal and general thoracic pathology, cardiac evaluation presented difficulties in the past, as cardiac motion led to the generation of imaging artifacts and poorer image quality [95] [8]. The introduction of multislice CT scanners (also known as multidetector CT scanners), however, has led to a solution for this issue. Multislice CT scanners, in contrast to earlier types of scanners, are equipped with multiple X-ray detectors instead of <16 detectors in previous models. This affords them the capability of generating multiple slices in one beam emission, which also makes them better suited for use in cardiovascular imaging. When combined with electrocardiogram-gating, multislice CT is even better suited for cardiovascular imaging. Cardiac CT has a much broader role in the evaluation of CAD currently than in the past. Some noteworthy applications include the assessment of coronary stenosis, the prediction of CAD outcomes, the characterization of atherosclerotic plaques, and the identification of non-stenotic plaques that are otherwise undetectable by invasive coronary angiographic procedures [95] [8].
Cone beam computed tomography imaging of superior semicircular canal morphology: a retrospective comparison of cleft lip/palate patients and normal controls
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2018
Oğuzhan Altun, Suayip Burak Duman, Ibrahim Sevki Bayrakdar, Yasin Yasa, Sacide Duman, Sevcihan Günen Yılmaz
Chausse, in 1943, was the first to image the SSC; various projections thereof were later described [6]. Recently, high-resolution CT of the temporal bone has become an accepted means to image the SSC. However, several studies found that CT overestimated the rate of dehiscence. The middle ear anatomy is complex and is difficult to analyze via CT alone. CT is helpful when exploring the middle ear space and labyrinth. Although CT slices may be very thin, CT is not an excellent imaging technique. Sequeira et al. [15] showed that, especially when SSCD is associated with low-level dehiscence, routine CT cannot be accepted as the gold standard. Tavassolie et al. [21] emphasized that multislice CT can overestimate the extent of SSCD, and thus should not be used to diagnose the condition. Cloutier et al. [39] considered that CT overdiagnosed SSCD. Masaki [43] used helical CT to evaluate 164 ears and concluded that 80% of the SSCD cases diagnosed via CT alone might be false-positives.
Mobility of the arytenoid cartilage in glottic carcinoma: a CT image study
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2023
Li Wang, Xi Zeng, Kai Li, Yunxin Lu, Dongxiao Nong
There is much research concerning the dislocation of the CAJ using multislice CT, while few studies focus on the possibility of CT imaging reflecting AC/VC mobility in patients with laryngeal carcinoma [4]. MRI also has obvious advantages for the evaluation of soft tissue and cartilage lesions in laryngeal cancers. MRI scanning during glottic motion is hardly achievable because it is susceptible to image artifacts, including motion artifacts due to the relatively long acquisition time. Multislice spiral CT offers the advantage of high-speed and high-resolution scanning, which fulfils CAJ motion captures. CT slices of laryngeal joints can be remodelled into three-dimensional virtual images, enabling observation and measurement from all directions [1,2].
Low-dose CT screening for lung cancer reduced lung cancer mortality in Hitachi City
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2019
With the establishment of spiral CT in 1990, it became possible to obtain chest CT images while sufficiently lowering radiation exposure. Subsequently, in the 2000s, multislice CT and the optimization of imaging conditions, such as automatic tube current regulation, enabled chest CT to be used for screening at an exposure level of 1 mSv or lower (Perisinakis et al. 2018). From the 2010s, advances in reconstruction techniques further reduced the exposure level, suggesting the possibility of CT with a similar exposure level as X-ray in the future (Martini et al. 2015).