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Instruments for Surface Microscopy of the Skin (Incident Light Microscopy, Epiluminescence Microscopy)
Published in Enzo Berardesca, Peter Elsner, Klaus-P. Wilhelm, Howard I. Maibach, Bioengineering of the Skin: Methods and Instrumentation, 2020
Instruments of the dermatoscope type. The dermatoscope was described by Braun-Falco et al.21 Heine Delta-10 Dermatoscope and Heine Delta-10 Dermatoscope Plus (Figure 2). The instrument comprises a battery handle bearing a head with a 9.3-fold magnifying lens, 3.5-V halogen bulb, focusing ring, and a contact cylinder (diameter, 28 mm) to be held against the skin surface. The battery handle is in use for many of the Heine instruments (ophthalmoscopes, laryngoscopes) and is available in a rechargeable version with a desk charger. If used without the contact cylinder the instrument may serve as an illuminating loupe. The Delta-10 Dermatoscope Plus is equipped with an 8-mm fiberoptic contact plate to permit inspection of narrow grooves such as finger webs, etc. Adaptors to Welch Allynn handles are available. Manufacturer and Distributor: Heine Optotechnik GmbH & Co. KG, Kientalstrasse 7, D-82211 Herrsching, Germany. U.S. office: Heine USA Ltd., 3500 Regency Parkway, Suite “C”, Cary, NC 27511-8569. U.S. distributor: Delasco Lab & Supply, Inc., 608 13th Avenue, Council Bluffs, IA 51501.
A longitudinal study of local stereoacuity and associated factors in schoolchildren: The Shahroud Schoolchildren Eye Cohort Study
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2023
Hassan Hashemi, Mehdi Khabazkhoob, Payam Nabovati, Mohammad Hassan Emamian, Akbar Fotouhi
Non-cycloplegic auto-refraction was performed with Nidek ARK 510 A auto-refractometer (Nidek Co. Ltd, Gammagori, Aichi, Japan). Auto-refraction measurements were repeated three times and the average of three measurements was considered as the final finding. The measurements were considered valid if they differed by a maximum of 0.50 D in either of the sphere and cylinder components. If necessary, more measurements were taken to obtain valid results. Considering the age range of the study participants and the possibility of accommodation affecting auto-refraction findings, the auto-refraction results were also refined using the Heine beta 200 retinoscope (Heine Optotechnik, Herrsching, Germany). Subjective refraction was performed to determine the best distance optical correction and the best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCVA) was recorded.
The prevalence of tropia, phoria and their types in a student population in Iran
Published in Strabismus, 2020
Hassan Hashemi, Reza Pakzad, Payam Nabovati, Fatemeh Azad Shahraki, Hadi Ostadimoghaddam, Mohamadreza Aghamirsalim, Mojgan Pakbin, Abbasali Yekta, Fahimeh Khoshhal, Mehdi Khabazkhoob
All examinations were performed in a room with standard illumination by an experienced optometrist. First, uncorrected distance visual acuity was measured using a Snellen E chart at 6 m. Then, objective refraction was done to evaluate the refractive status using auto refractometer (Topcon RM8800, Topcon Corp, Tokyo, Japan) and retinoscope (Heine Beta 200, Heine Optotechnik, Herrsching, Germany). The results were then refined subjectively to determine the best optical correction. In the next step, the unilateral and alternate cover tests were performed through the best optical correction to assess the binocular alignment at 6 m and 40 cm, respectively, and the magnitude of tropia and phoria was measured at both distances using the alternate cover test and a prism bar considering bracketing. The target used for the cover test was one line above best-corrected visual acuity (in the eye with a worse BCVA) on the distance and near Snellen charts. The exclusion criteria were the history of strabismus or refractive surgery, history of any intraocular surgery, history of any non-surgical treatment for strabismus or phoria including orthoptics, use of ophthalmic or systemic drugs affecting binocular vision and accommodation, and history of ocular trauma.
The Prevalence of Refractive Errors and Visual Impairment among School Children in Brčko District, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2018
Allen Popović-Beganović, Jasmin Zvorničanin, Vera Vrbljanac, Edita Zvorničanin
Ocular motility was evaluated by ophthalmologist with cover testing and observation of the corneal reflex at 0.5 and 4.0 meters. Tropias were categorized as exotropia, esotropia or vertical, with the degree of tropia measured using the corneal reflex (Hirschberg´s method). Pupils in both eyes were dilated with two drops of 1% cyclopentolate with an interval of 5 min. If a pupillary light reflex was still present after 20 min, a third drop was administered. Light reflex and pupil dilation were evaluated after additional 15 min. Cycloplegia was considered complete if the pupil was dilated to 6 mm or more and light reflex was absent. Refraction was performed in all children after cycloplegia by ophthalmologist, regardless of their visual acuity, using first streak retinoscopy (Heine Beta® 200 Retinoscope, HEINE Optotechnik Germany). Cycloplegic autorefraction was performed by optometrist using the autorefractor (Humphrey Zeiss ARK 599 Autorefractor Keratometer, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG), with calibration made at the beginning of each day using an eye model. At least eight representative values from the autorefractor were acquired for data analysis. Unreliable measurements were rejected and remeasured. The ophthalmologist evaluated the external eye and anterior segment (eyelid, conjunctiva, cornea, iris and pupil) using a slit lamp while the media and fundus were evaluated with direct and indirect ophthalmoscopic examination.