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Organization and Management of a Radiation Safety Office
Published in Kenneth L. Miller, Handbook of Management of Radiation Protection Programs, 2020
Steven H. King, Rodger W. Granlund
Standard chemistry-type lab equipment and utilities are usually adequate for most radioisotope laboratories. Fume hoods are important for handling radioactive material when the potential for airborne contamination exists. The fume hood should have a minimal face velocity of 150 fpm. Consideration should be given to selection of fume hood filters that will prevent the release of radioactive materials to unrestricted areas. Sink traps and fume hood ducts should be labeled so that proper monitoring is requested before repairs or maintenance.35–37
Nuclear Medical Science Data
Published in Garimella V. S. Rayudu, Lelio G. Colombetti, Radiotracers for Medical Applications, 2019
Fume Hood II is used for handling cyclotron products and III is equipped to house the fresh generators of 99mTc and 113mIn. The large fume hood, IV, is fixed with a 4 ft × 2 ft × 2-in. thick interlocked lead brick wall fitted with a large glass window and remote grip tongs to handle nuclear reactor and cyclotron targets, until the bulk impurities are separated. This fume hood is specially suited for handling nuclear reactor products.
Health and safety in the laboratory
Published in Maxine Lintern, Laboratory Skills for Science and Medicine, 2018
Important information about how that chemical is or may become dangerous is also included in the assessment. For example, a compound that produces toxic fumes would need to be handled exclusively in a fume hood of appropriate rating; a skin absorbable poison would be handled wearing special gloves. Most compounds also have a ‘LD50’ to guide you. This is a statement of how much of this compound was required to give a ‘lethal dose’ to half a cohort of (usually) rats. LD50 data can show relative risks between compounds, and human LD50 information is available for some compounds. Pharmaceutical companies produce similar data for drugs and medicines.
Implementation of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Fine–Kinney method (FKM) against risk factors to determine the total cost of occupational health and safety precautions in environmental research laboratories
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
The risk of poisoning due to gases released from the analysis was calculated by multiplying the possibility (6), frequency (2) and effect (7) values by each other and found to be 84 in the FKM (Table 15). The numerical result of the poisoning risk (84) was found between 70 and 200 in the FKM (Table 15). According to the FKM, poisoning due to gases released from the analysis is a significant risk and ‘should be enhanced in a long period (in a year)’ (Table 15). Gases released from the analysis and chemicals used in the analysis can poison laboratory personnel (Table 15). They may be exposed to transient damage/injury or hospital treatment in a case of poisoning (Table 15). Occupational health and safety training should be provided to all laboratory personnel for all studied laboratories (Table 15). If the analysis requires, fume hoods usage must be provided for all laboratory personnel (Table 15). Although L-5 and L-6 have fume hoods, they are defective and should be repaired immediately (Table 15). Periodic maintenance for the ventilation system should be done every year in L-1 and L-10 (Table 15). The appropriate PPE is the cartridge respirator instead of a medical mask in case gas is released from the analysis and chemicals (Table 15). The cartridge respirators should be supplied to all personnel if the analysis releases gases (Table 15).
A follow-up study on workers involved in the graphene production process after the introduction of exposure mitigation measures: evaluation of genotoxic and oxidative effects
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2022
Delia Cavallo, Cinzia Lucia Ursini, Anna Maria Fresegna, Aureliano Ciervo, Fabio Boccuni, Riccardo Ferrante, Francesca Tombolini, Raffaele Maiello, Pieranna Chiarella, Giuliana Buresti, Valentina Del Frate, Diana Poli, Roberta Andreoli, Luisana Di Cristo, Stefania Sabella, Sergio Iavicoli
The first biomonitoring study on workers potentially exposed to graphene has been performed recently by our research group (Ursini et al. 2021) that analysed two case studies identified in two production laboratories of graphene and silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles, where the environmental and personal exposure to such nanomaterials during the production process was also performed (Boccuni et al. 2020). The aim of our previous study was to identify, among a panel of biomarkers of effect on different biological matrices, very sensitive biomarkers of exposure/effect useful to evaluate potential genotoxic/oxidative effects of occupational exposure to nanomaterials. The exposure monitoring showed workplace NM contamination in both case studies with the presence of nanoparticles with dimensions in the range of produced materials particularly in the last phase of production process (‘Storage and cleaning’ for graphene case and ‘Weighting, dilution and storage’ for silica case), when a dispersion of produced NM powder could happen, suggesting the need to introduce mitigation measures, to reduce the possible worker exposure (Boccuni et al. 2020). These measures included a new fume hood in which to perform the storage and cleaning phases, glove boxes and ventilated boxes to reduce the interface between the operator and the handled materials.
Methyl mercaptan gas: mechanisms of toxicity and demonstration of the effectiveness of cobinamide as an antidote in mice and rabbits
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2022
George P. Philipopoulos, John Tat, Adriano Chan, Jingjing Jiang, David Mukai, Tanya Burney, Melody Doosty, Sari Mahon, Hemal H. Patel, Carl W. White, Matthew Brenner, Jangwoen Lee, Gerry R. Boss
The air-tight chamber used for exposing mice to CH3SH gas was inside a chemical fume hood with tempered glass, which provided protection against accidental exposure due to a gas leak or explosion. A blast shield was placed between the chamber and tempered glass to provide an additional layer of protection. The fume hood was certified by the UCSD Environmental Health and Safety (EH&S) Division. In the rabbit studies, the reaction flask used to generate methyl mercaptan gas was covered in a high-density polyethylene protective netting to protect personnel from glass shards in the event of an explosion. The flask was placed in a 5-inch deep polyethylene bucket to contain any broken glass, leakage, and/or spillage. The exposure circuit (Supplemental Figure 2) was in a chemical fume hood. To detect leaks, one CH3SH meter was inside the circuit and a second meter was outside the circuit. The circuit and flow hood were certified by UC Irvine EH&S.